PHYLUM

Question 1

the study of phylogeny aims to
determine the evolutionary relationships between phyla.

Answer 1

ANIMAL PHYLOGENY

Question 2

• principal taxonomic category that ranks above class and below kingdom.

Answer 2

Phyla

Question 3

• means pore-bearing. Sponges take their name from small holes that cover their bodies. Phylum Porifera common name: Sponges. There are 900 species in this group, mostly marine. (ex: yellow sponge, tube sponge, vane sponge)

Answer 3

Porifera

Question 4

• Spicule composed of calcium carbonate; spicule are needle shaped or have three or four rays; ascon, leucon, or sycon body forms; all marine.

Answer 4

Class Calcarea

Question 5

• Spicules composed of silica and six rayed; spicules often fused into an intricate lattice; cup or vase shaped; syncytial epithelia; sycon or leucon body form.

Answer 5

Class Hexactinellida

Question 6

• Brilliantly colored sponges with needle-shaped or four-rayed siliceous spicules or spongin or both; leucon body form; up to 1 m in height and
diameter.

Answer 6

Class Demospongiae

Question 7

• Anatomically simple and encrusting in form. Siliceous spicules small and simple in shape or absent. Occur at depths ranging from shallow marine shelves to depths of 1,000 m.

Answer 7

Class Homoscleromorpha

Question 8

CLASSIFICATION OF PORIFERA

Answer 8

Class Hexactinellida
Class Demospongiae
Class Homoscleromorpha
Class Calcarea

Question 9

• soft-bodied stinging animals such as corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish. (ex: jellyfish, hydra, coral, sea anemone)

Answer 9

Cnidaria

Question 10

Examples of Cnidaria

Answer 10

Jellyfish
Hydra
Coral
Sea anemone

Question 11

_______are small, relatively common cnidarians. The vast majority are marine, but this is the one cnidarian
class with freshwater representatives. (ex: hydra)

Answer 11

Hydrozoans

Class Hydrozoa

Question 12

All marine and are “true jellyfish” because dominant stage in their life history is the medusa. Unlike hydrozoan Medusa, scyphozoan Medusa lack a velum, the mesoglea
contains amoeba mesenchyme cells, cnidocytes occur in the gastrodermis as well as the epidermis, and gametes
are gastrodermal in origin. Many scyphozoans are harmless to humans; others can deliver unpleasant and even dangerous stings.

Answer 12

Class Scyphozoa

Question 13

Also known as stalk jellyfish. They live attached to rocks or other surfaces and mostly live in cold water.

Answer 13

Class Staurozoa

Question 14

Also known as box-jellyfish. They are distributed throughout tropical waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Mediterranean Oceans. Their class and common names are derived from the cuboidal shape of the medusa.

Answer 14

Class Cubozoa

Question 15

They include anemones and stony and soft corals. ________ are all marine and are found at all depths.

Answer 15

Class Anthozoa

Question 16

CLASSIFICATION OF CNIDARIA

Answer 16

Class Hydrozoa
Class Cubozoa
Class Staurozoa
Class Scyphozoa
Class Anthozoa

Question 17

is a phylum of exclusively marine
invertebrates. It means “comb-bearing”. They are commonly known as comb jellies or sea walnuts.

Answer 17

Ctenophora

Question 18

is a phylum of marine invertebrates
which includes starfishes, sea urchins, brittlestars, crinoids, and sea cucumbers.

Answer 18

Echinodermata

Question 19

• consists of animals with a flexible rod
  supporting their dorsal or back sides. The phylum name derives from the Greek root word chord-meaning string.
  Most species within the phylum. _____ are vertebrates, or animals with backbones.

Answer 19

Chordata

Question 20

• a phylum of invertebrates comprising
  flatworms.

Answer 20

Platyhelminthes

Question 21

The phylum is divided into four classes: (1) the Turbellaria consist of mostly free-living flatworms, whereas the (2) Monogenea, (3) Trematoda, and (4)
Cestoidea contain species that engage in some form of symbiosis. Turbellaria is a paraphyletic group.

Question 22

• Members of the class ________ are mostly free-living bottom dweller in freshwater and marine environments, where they crawl on stones, sand, or vegetation. _______ are named for
the turbulence that their beating cilia create in the water.
• ________ are predators and scavengers. The few terrestrial _______ known live in the humid tropics and subtropics.
• Coloration is mostly in shades of black, brown, and gray, although some groups display brightly colored patterns.

Answer 22

Class Turbellaria, Turbellarians

(Mukhang saging na green)

Question 23

Monogenetic flukes are so named because they have only one generation in their life cycle; that is, one adult develops from one egg. Monogeneans are mostly external parasites
(ectoparasites) of freshwater and marine fishes, where they attach to the gill filaments and feed on epithelial cells, mucus, or blood.

Answer 23

Class Monogenea

Question 24

The approximately 10,000 species of parasitic flatworm in the class ______ are collectively called flukes, which describes their wide, flat
shape. Almost all adult flukes are parasites of vertebrates, whereas immature stages may be found in vertebrates or invertebrates, or encysted on plants. Many species are of great economic and medical importance.

Answer 24

Class Trematoda

Question 25

The most highly specialized class of flatworms are members of the class ______ , commonly called either tapeworms or cestodes.

Answer 25

Class Cestoidea

Question 26

– has wheel-like ciliated organ used in swimming and feeding.

Answer 26

Rotifera

Question 27

Rotifers • Rotifer means “Wheel Bearer” • They are multicellular organisms common in fresh and salt water. • Part of the Rotifera phylum. • Able to change the shape of their body.

Question 28

• is invertebrate animals (such as snails, clams, or squids) with a soft unsegmented body usually enclosed in a calcareous shell.

Answer 28

Mollusca

Question 29

Example of Mollusks

Answer 29

Barnacle Snail Oyster Squid Octopus Scallop Slug Mussel

Question 29

CLASSES OF PHYLUM MOLLUSCA

Answer 29

Class Gastropoda Class Bivalvia Class Cephalopoda Class Scaphopoda Class Monoplacophora Class Caudofoveata

Question 30

Includes the snails, limpets, and slugs. With more than 65,000 living species._______ is the largest and most varied molluscan class. Its members occupya wide variety of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats.

Answer 30

CLASS GASTROPODA

Question 31

With close to 15,000 species, the class ______ is the second largest molluscan class. This class includes the clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops.

Answer 31

CLASS BIVALVIA

Question 32

The class ? includes the octopuses, squid, cuttlefish, and nautiluses. They are the most complex molluscs and, in many ways, the most complex invertebrates.

Answer 32

CLASS CEPHALOPODA

Question 33

Members of the class _______ are called tooth shells or tusk shells. The over 600 species are all burrowing marine animals that inhabit moderate depths. Their most distinctive characteristic is a conical shell that is open at both ends.

Answer 33

CLASS SCAPHOPODA

Question 34

Members of the class _________ have an undivided, arched shell; abroad, flat foot; a radula; and serially repeated pairs of gills and foot-retractor muscles.

Answer 34

CLASS MONOPLACOPHORA

Question 35

Members of the class ______ are wormlike molluscs that range in size from 2 mm to 14 cm and live in vertical burrows on the deep-sea floor. They feed on foraminiferans and are dioecious.

Answer 35

CLASS CAUDOFOVEATA

Question 36

are invertebrate animals (such as insects, arachnids, and crustaceans) that have a segmented body and jointed appendages, a usually chitinous exoskeleton molted at intervals, and a dorsal anterior brain connected to a ventral chain of ganglia.

Answer 36

Arthropoda

Question 37

Example of Arthropoda

Answer 37

Camel Spider Spider Mite Krill Millipede Bee Butterfly Springtail Crab

Question 38

Classification of Phylum Arthropoda

Answer 38

Class Merostomata •Xiphosura (Horseshoe crab) •Eurypterida (Giant water scorpions) Class Arachnida Class Pycnogonida Class Diploda Class Chilopoda

Question 39

Includes majority of spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, and other related forms.

Answer 39

Class Arachnida

Question 40

• Members of the order ______ are the scorpions. There are about 1,800 species of scorpions that are common from tropical to warm temperate climates. Scorpions are secretive and nocturnal, hiding during most daylight hours under logs and stones.

Answer 40

Order Scorpionida ORDERS (ARACHNIDA)

Question 41

• Members are spiders.

Answer 41

Order Araneae ORDERS (ARACHNIDA)

Question 42

• Members of the _______ are the harvestmen or daddy longlegs.

Answer 42

Order Opiliones ORDERS (ARACHNIDA)

Question 43

• Members of the ______ are the mites and ticks.

Answer 43

Order Acarina ORDERS (ARACHNIDA)

Question 44

• Sea spiders. All of the 1,300 species are marine and worldwide, but are most common in cold waters.

Answer 44

Class Pycnogonida

Question 45

Contains the millipedes. With 16 orders and over 12,000 species.

Answer 45

Class Diplopoda

Question 46

• Members of the _____ are the centipedes. ______ is divided into five orders with about 5,000 species. Most centipedes are nocturnal and scurry about the surfaces of logs, rocks, or other forest-floor debris.

Answer 46

Class Chilopoda

Question 47

- segmented worm, any member of a phylum of invertebrate animals that are characterized by the possession of a body cavity (or coelom), movable bristles (or setae), and a body divided into segments by transverse rings, or annulations, from which they take their name.

Answer 47

Annelida

Question 48

Phylum: Annelida - “ringed”, commonly called segmented worms (ex: earthworms, marine worms, leeches).

Question 49

are of f elongated cylindrical worms parasitic in animals or plants or free-living in soil or water, called also roundworm.

Answer 49

Nematoda

Question 50

Phylum: Nematoda - “thread-like”, commonly called roundworms, found just about everywhere (ex: ascaris, pinworms, hookworms, trichina worms)