Minerals (summer Test)

Question 1

Classification of minerals -

Answer 1

Macrominerals - need in larger amounts ( calcium )

Trace minerals - need in small amounts ( iron )

Both types are equally important for healthy body function

Question 2

Sources of calcium

Answer 2

Dairy products , fortified products e.g. cereals , bread, flour , green vegetables e.g. spinach

Question 3

Functions of calcium -

Answer 3

• strong healthy bones and teeth
• maintains good bone density

Vitamin D is needed for calcium to be absorbed properly by the body

Question 4

Calcium deficiency diseases -

Answer 4

Rickets - there are problems with the bone formation when there is a lack of calcium and/or vitamin D in the diet. Bones do not harden properly during childhood, causing bow legs, a deformed spine and frequent fractures

Osteoporosis - this is a bone disease that causes bones to become fragile and brittle due to a lack of calcium. It is most common in older women

Question 5

Sources of iron -

Answer 5

Offal e.g. liver and kidney , red meat

Question 6

Function of iron -

Answer 6

• need to manufacture haemoglobin. This is a substance in red blood cells that is needed to carry oxygen around the body in the blood

Vitamin C is needed for iron to be absorbed properly by the body

Question 7

Iron deficiency diseases -

Answer 7

Anaemia - anaemia is a condition caused by a lack of iron. The symptoms of anaemia include tiredness, dizziness and paleness. Women and teenage girls need to be particularly careful because of blood loss during menstruation.

Question 8

Salt-

Answer 8

Salt is required to help control water balance in the body. It is recommended that adults consume no more than 6g of salt per day. To much salt can lead to high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, strokes and kidney problems

Question 9

Reducing salt intake -

Answer 9

• do not have salt on the table
• do not add slat when cooking ; instead flavour dishes with spices and herbs
• avoid processed foods, e.g. salty snacks e.g.crisps

Question 10

Sources of salt -

Answer 10

• frozen pizza
• sea weed
• smoked / canned fish