MISC Flashcards
(26 cards)
Where does the control of gene expression occur in eukaryotes
Most important level is at transcription other levels include processing transport and degradation of the mRNA.
What does Rifampin do?
blocks enzyme that makes mRNA from DNA
How do antibiotics work
attacks RNA polymerase and ribosomes, stopping them from making the proteins they need to survive.W
What does hemizygous mean
Males with an X-linked recessive trait
What are the benefits of genetic diversity
masks detrimental recessive traits, eliminate harmful mutations, disease less likely to affect all individuals, emergence of new traits
what are the two phosphate cleaved in the attachment of a nucleotide to DNA during DNA replication called?
pyrophosphate
What are nucleotides are double ringed structures
AG, purines
Which nucleotides are single ringed structures
CTU, Pyrimidines
What is the structure of DNA
Phosphate group
Deoxyribose sugar (a 5-carbon sugar)
Nitrogenous base (one of four types)
What are the components of a typical amino acid
amino acid group, carboxyl group and a variable R-group
What are the 3 step processes in interphase
G1, G2, S
What is the anticodon loop
specific region on the tRNA that contains a sequence of anticodons
How many chromosomes do cancer cells have
70-80
What does 500bp band explain in PCR
Normal Exon (no deletion), no mutation
What does 300bp band explain IN PCR
exon with deletion
What occurs in G1 phase
cellular contents excluding the chromosomes are duplicated
What occurs in the S phase
Each of the 46 chromosomes is duplicated
What occurs in the G2 phase
double check for any error
Why is there a gap at the last fragment on the Lagging strand
Primer is removed but cannot be replaced with DNA because there is no 3’ -OH end available for the DNA polymerase
What is a Telomerase
enzyme that adds DNA to the ends of chromosomes (telomeres) using its own RNA template, helping protect them from shortening during cell division
What type of proteins mediate the initiation of transcription
transcription factors
What are transcription factors
direct RNA polymerase to that region which is an additional control mechanism
What is 5’ cap made of up
3-phosphate groups
What is present in the poly-A tail
50-250 adenine nucleotides are added to the 3’ end
