W9L1 - Mendel's Laws Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is a gene loci
specific, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene is located.
What is an allele
different version or form of a gene
What is a phenotype
individual’s observable traits
What is a genotype
genetic makeup or set of genes that an individual organism possesses
How many pairs of chromosomes are autosomes
22
What is crossing over
Crossing over occurs in Meiosis I which leads to homologous chromosomes crossing their genetic material, leading to recombination of genetic material
What is independent assortment
Pairs of chromosomes align randomly at the cells equator
When does independent assortment (Mendel’s first law) occur in Meiosis
During Metaphase I of meiosis:
What is segregation
Alleles segregate so each gamete receives only one allele from each gene pair
What does Law of Segregation state
Meiosis (1n) -> egg and sperm (2n) {alleles seperate during formation of gametes so offspring gets one allele from each parent}
What is monohybridity
One trait (flower colour (Rr)), each parent has 2 alleles
What is dihybridity
two heterozygous traits (plant height (Tt) and colour (Rr)) producing 4 alleles in total
How many pairs of chromosomes are autosomes
22
How many pairs are our sex chromosomes
1
What are the benefits of genetic diversity
masks detrimental recessive traits, eliminate harmful mutations, disease less likely to affect all individuals, emergence of new traits
What is random fertilisation
in humans no of possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes is about 8 million therefore 64 trillion possible diploid combinations
