Misc - Mesothelioma, Cardiac, Thymoma, etc.

Question 1

Which form of asbestos is more likely to cause mesothelioma?

Answer 1

the amphibole (vs. chrysotile which is now 90% of what is used)

Question 2

Mutations in what are common in humans with mesothelioma

Answer 2

tumor suppressor genes - CDKN2A, BRCA1, BAP1, neurofibromin 2 (NF2)

Question 3

In what species do mesothelial tumors more commonly occur in young or new born animals

Answer 3

cattle and sheep

Question 4

Mesothelial cells appear morphologically as ____ but their derivation is from _____

Answer 4

epithelial cells; mesoderm

Question 5

Mesothelioma can be ruled out as a cause of pleural effusion in dogs and cats if ____levels are not increased

Answer 5

pleural effusion levels of fibronectin (sensitive but not specific)

Question 6

What are the most useful IHC markers for mesothelioma in humans

Answer 6

calretinin, wilms’ tumor gene (WT1), cytokeratin 5/6 and D2-40

Question 7

What is the most common cardiac tumor in cats?

Answer 7

LSA - primary and secondary

Question 8

What is the sensitivity of radiographs for detecting cardiac HSA

Answer 8

47%

Question 9

Which cancer was most likely to have pulmonary nodules at first CT & what was the prevalence (Lamb, VRU 2019)

Answer 9

HSA, 41% (24/58 dogs)

Question 10

What were the most common findings for dogs with multiple myeloma + neuro changes on MRI? Wyatt VRU 2019

Answer 10

• all had extradural material extending into the vertebral canal causing variable spinal cord compression
• lesions were usually hyper- to isointense on T2 and T1-weighted sequences
  
  • variable but homogeneous contrast enhancement

Question 11

What was the sensitivity and specificity of echo for detecting cardiac masses in dogs with pericardial effusion? (MacDonald JAVMA 2009)

Answer 11

82% sensitivity

100% specific

Question 12

What was the sensitivity and specificity of echo for detecting heart base masses in dogs with pericardial effusion? (MacDonald JAVMA 2009)

Answer 12

74% sensitive

98% specific

Question 13

What were the most common causes of lympho-cyte rich pleural effusions in cats? (Probo JFMS 2017)

Answer 13

69.7% heart disease

27% mediasitinal LSA, carcinoma, thoracic mass or thymoma

3% (n=1) chylothorax

Question 14

What was the ORR for dogs with heart base masses treated with Palladia? (Lew VCO 2019)

Answer 14

10%

RR for dogs with mets specifically = 28.5%

Question 15

What was the rate of improvement of clinical signs for dogs treated with palladia for heart base masses? (Lew VCO 2019)

Answer 15

90% improvement with 81% CR of clinical signs

Question 16

What was the MST for dogs treated for heart base masses with palladia? What about mets vs. no mets?

Answer 16

overall MST 823d

w/mets 532d

w/o MST 796

Question 17

What was the MST for dogs with right atrial masses treated with doxorubicin-based chemo? (Ghaffari JSAP 2014)

Answer 17

MST 139.5d

Question 18

What was the MST for dogs with right atrial masses treated with surgery alone vs. surgery + chemo (Weisse JAVMA 2005)

Answer 18

Surgery alone 42d

w/chemo 175d

Question 19

What was the MST of dogs with aortic body tumors with or without pericardectomy? (Ehrhart Vet Surg 2002)

Answer 19

w/ pericardectomy 730d

w.o 42d

Question 20

Rate of BLV in herds and bulls in MI? Anything statistically significant in infected vs. uninfected bulls? (JAVMA 2019, Benitez)

Answer 20

19/39 herds (48.7%) and 54/121 bulls (44.6%) infected; provirus DNA in all 54 bulls and in smegma of 4, not detected in any semen sample Lymphocyte count significantly higher in BLV-infected bulls and lymphocyte count positively associated with BLV proviral load

Question 21

What markers were all mesothelial samples (reactive, atypical, mesothelioma and normal pericardium) postive for (confirming mesothelial origin) (Milne JSAP 2018

Answer 21

cytokeratin and vimentin

Question 22

What IHC markers had higher expression in atypical mesothelial proliferations and in mesothelioma compared to reactive mesothelium? (Milne JSAP 2018)

Answer 22

IGF2-mRNA binding protein 3 (best) but also glucose transporter 1

Panel for mesthelioma recommended: cytokeratin, vimentin, IGF2-mRNA binding protein 3 and glucose transporter 1

Question 23

What markers were all feline mesotheliomas positive for? (Bacci J Comp path 2006)

Answer 23

Vimentin and CK AE1/AE3

Question 24

What percent of pericardial effusion samples provided diagnostic cytology? What did and what did not increase this? (Cagle JVIM 2014)

Answer 24

7.7%

HCT <10% increased percentage to 20.3%

mass on echo did NOT increase likelihood of being diagnostic

Question 25

What was the MST for dogs treated with thoracoscpoic pericardial windows for pericardial effusion caused by neoplasia (mass (4) mesothelioma (1)) vs. idiopathic pericardial effusion? (Atencia JSAP 2013)

Answer 25

Neoplastic: MST 30d IPE 635d

Question 26

What are the paraneoplastic syndromes that have been reported in cats with thymoma?

Answer 26

amyloid deposition acquired myasthenia gravis erythema multiforme granuloctyopenia exfoliative dermatitis

Question 27

What are the PARR results for 13 canine thymomas? (Vessieres J comp Path 2018)

Answer 27

12/13 (93%) = polyclonal 1/13 = t cell polyclonal

Question 28

What was the ORR and MST for rabbits treated with RT for thymoma? (dolera VRU 2016)

Answer 28

100% CR, MST not reached at 2yrs, none died of thymoma

Question 29

What are the most common clinical signs of thymoma in rabbits?

Answer 29

dyspnea exercise intolerance bilateral exophthalmos

Question 30

**What is the MST for cats vs. dogs treated with surgery for thymoma? What is associated with a longer survival? (Zitz JAVMA 2008)**

Answer 30

**Cats: 1825d = 60mo = 5yrs** **Dogs: 790d = 26.3mo** **higher percentage of lymphocytes in mass associated with longer survival**

Question 31

What was the MST and 1yr survival for dogs treated with hypofx RT for thymoma? (Goto VRU 2017)

Answer 31

ORR 50% MST not reached 1yr survival 75%

Question 32

What do you have to be careful of when treating thymoma with RT?

Answer 32

Rapid response (up to 31% shrinkage with/in 1 week) - benefit from adaptive radiotherapy planning

Question 33

**What was the perioperative mortality for dogs and cats treated with surgery for thymic epithelial tumors? (Garneau Vet Surg 2015) What were MSTs and what was associated with decreased survival?**

Answer 33

**Dogs 20%, MST 1.7yrs, paraneoplastic syndromes + incomplete margins = decreased ST** **Cats 22%, MST 3.7yrs, no prognostic factors**

Question 34

**Bovine leukemia virus is what type of virus? how are cows infected/what cells is it harbored in?**

Answer 34

**C-type oncogenic retrovirus** **Most transmission horizontal (iatrogenic or flies) - infected via blood or blood products with infected lymphocytes (provirus harbored in B cells)**

Question 35

**How is BVL diagnosed and what are the outcomes?**

Answer 35

**Serology most common: AGID or ELIS; can also do PCR on peripheral blood lymphs** **3 outcomes:** **persistent infection w/o signs (most common)** **29% persistent lymphocytosis** **\<5% lymphoma**

Question 36

**What are the common integration sites for FeLV?**

Answer 36

**six loci:** **c-myc** **flvi-1** **flvi-2** **fit-1** **pim-1** **flit-1**

Question 37

**What are the characteristics of the three types of FeLV?**

Answer 37

**A = minimally pathogenic** **B = assoc' w/ variety of pathogenic properties - LSA, leukemia and anemia** **C = causes pure red cell aplasia**

Question 38

**The only report of a malignant ameloblastic carcinoma with metastasis to the submandibular LN was in what spp**

Answer 38

**a rat**

Question 39

**What are the characteristics of seminomas in rabbits?**

Answer 39

* **Originates from gonocytes** * **Malignant, frequently met** * **​gonocytes express placental ALP (PLAP) and statin w/ periodic acid-schiff (PAS)**​

Question 40

**For cattle that have esophageal scar tissue, what should be a ddx?**

Answer 40

**esophageal SCC from exposure to bracken fern**

Question 41

**What is the tumor type for the Tasmanian Devil facial tumor disease?**