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Phase 2A (HV) > Miscellaneous- Pharm > Flashcards

Miscellaneous- Pharm Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

What is pharmacokinetics

A

What the body does to the drug

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2
Q

What are the important factors involved in pharmacokinetics

A

ADME

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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3
Q

What happens in phase 1 metabolic reaction

A

Drug becomes more hydrophilic

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4
Q

What occurs in phase 2 metabolic reaction

A

Drug becomes more polar thus can now be renally excreted

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5
Q

What is pharmacodynamics

A

What the drug does to the body

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6
Q

What is affinity

A

How well the drug binds to its receptor

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7
Q

What is efficacy

A

How well the drug works on that specific receptor

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8
Q

What is potency

A

The amount of drug required to achieve a response

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9
Q

List 3 routes of enteral administration

A

Oral
Rectum
Sublingual

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10
Q

List 3 routes of paraenteral administration

A

Intramuscular
Intravenous
Subcutaneous

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11
Q

What is an agonist

A

Binds to receptor and activates it

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12
Q

What is a partial agonist

A

Binds to receptor but does not give full response

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13
Q

What is an antagonist

A

Binds to the receptor to prevent its activation

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14
Q

What is a competitive antagonist

A

Where antagonist competes with the agonist for the binding site

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15
Q

What is a non-competitive antagonist

A

Binds to allosyeric site to prevent receptor activation

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16
Q

What is bioavailability

A

Fraction of drug that reaches systemic circulation

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17
Q

What NT is used in the somatic nervous system

A

ACh

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18
Q

What NTs are used in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Pre ganlionic- ACh on nicotinic receptors

Post ganglionic- ACh on muscuranic receptors

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19
Q

What NTs are used in the sympathetic Ns

A

Pre-ganlionic- ACh on nicotinic receptors

Post ganlioic- NA on adrenergic Receptors

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20
Q

Where are Muscuranic 1 receptors located

A

Brain (Gq)

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21
Q

Where are muscuranic 2 receptors located

A

Heart (lowers hr)

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22
Q

Where are muscuranic 3 receptors located

A

In all organs w/ parasympathetic innervation

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23
Q

What is adrenaline and noradrenaline synthesised from

A

Tyrosine

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24
Q

Where are alpha 1 receptors found and what is its role

A

Found in (ONE)
O- blood vessels
N- neck of bladder, prostate, stomach
E- eye (dilation)

Cause smooth muscle contraction

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25
Where are beta 1 receptors found and it’s role
Beta 1- found in Heart and kidneys Increase hr and renin production
26
Where are beta 2 receptors found and it’s role
Lungs, blood vessels, GI tract, liver bladder, uterus Smooth muscle relaxation
27
Where are beta 3 receptors found
Adipose tissue | Bladder (relaxes)
28
Se of muscuranic 3 agonists
DUMBELS ``` Diarrhoea Urination Myosis Bradycardia Emisis Lacrimation Salivation ```
29
What drug can be given in opioid overdose
Nalaxone
30
Se of opioids
``` Respiratory distress Sedation Nausea Constipation Itching Immune suppression ```
31
What are the types of adverse drug reactions
``` Augmented Bizarre Continuous Delayed End of use Failure ```
32
What information is critical when filling out the yellow form
Suspected drug Suspected reaction Patients details Reporters details
33
What is type 1 hypersensitivity reaction and give 2 examples
IgE mediated- igE binds to mast cells Anaphylaxis Atopy
34
What is a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction and give examples
IgG or IgM binds to Ag on cell surface Autoimmune haemolytic anemia Goodpastures Pernicious anaemia Rheumatic fever
35
What is a type 3 sensitivity reaction and give examples
Immune complex- free Ag and Ab combine SLE, PSGN
36
What type 4 hypersensitivity reaction and give examples
Delayed- T cell mediated GBS, MS, TB, Graft vs Host
37
Action of adrenaline on alpha1, beta 1 and beta 2 receptors
Alpha 1- vasoconstriction- increases BP and coronary perfusion Beta 1- +ve chrono and ionotropic effects Beta 2- bronchodilation
38
What is the management of anaphylaxis
``` Stop drug IM adrenaline (repeat after 5 mins if required) High flow O2 IV fluids Chloramphenamin/hydrocortisone ```
39
Moa of NSAIDS
Inhibits COX therefore less prostaglandins (constricts afterent arteriole)
40
Moa of antihistamines
H1 receptor antagonist. Prevents release of histamine from storage granules of mast cells
41
Moa of PPIs
Irreversibly bind to H+/K+/ATPase in gastric parietal cells to decrease H+ secretion
42
Moa of opioids
Activation of mu receptors in CNS
43
Se of amlodipine
Ankle swelling
44
Se of ACE inhibitors
Dry cough Teratogenic Hyperkalaemia Renal dysfunction
45
Se of tamsulosin
Postural hypotension, retrograde ejaculation
46
Advice when taking bispohosphonates
Take tablet whole w/ plenty of water whilst sitting or standing Take on empty stomach at least 30 mins before breakfast Stay upright for at least 30mins after taking tablet
47
What is used for the prophylaxis of asthma
Clenil modulite (beclamethasone)
48
When should you stop taking bisphosphonates
Dysphagia Heartburn Odonophagia
49
What is sensitivity
R those that have the diseas and test positive The probability of a person with disease obtaining a +ve test result TP/TP+FN
50
What is specificity
Those that test -ve and do not have the disease Probability of a person w/o disease testing -ve TN/TN+FP
51
How to work out PPV
TP/TP+FP
52
How to work out NPV
TN/TN+FN
53
What reaction does COX mediate
Arachidonic acid —> prostaglandin H2
54
True or false. PPIs are prodrugs that he activated in the stomach
True
55
Moa of spironolactone and se
N]binds to aldosterone dependent na+/k+ transporter and and increase sodium and water excretion whilst retaining potassium Se- Gynecomastia, hyperkalaemia, metabolic acidosis
56
Where do loop diuretics act
Act on Na+/K+/2Cl- Channel on thick ascending loop
57
Where do thiazide diuretics act on
Act on Na+/Cl- transporter in DCT
58
Name 3 drug targets
Receptors Enzymes Transporters Ion channels
59
List 3 ways in which drugs can move between compartments
Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Active transport
60
``` Approximately how many litres of water would you expect to find in the following compartments A- extracellular B- intracellular C-plasma D- interstitial ```
A- 14L B- 28L C- 3L D- 11L
61
What is tolerance
The reduction in drug effect over time (continuously repeated high conc)
62
What is desensitisation
Receptors become degraded/uncoupled/internalised

Phase 2A (HV) (13 decks)

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