Miscellanous: Sputum Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
SPUTUM derived from
A
alveoli, trachea, bronchi of the pulmonary tract.
2
Q
Secretion of the goblet cells (lining the respiratory tract)
A
Sputum
3
Q
Sputum Normal Condition:
A
mucus secretion of goblet cells
other organs associated with respir epithelium
4
Q
Hallmark of sputum
A
Dust cell
5
Q
Macrophages with carbon deposits
A
Ducts cell
6
Q
SPUTUM: Preservation
A
Refrigeration
Use 10% formaldehyde
7
Q
SPUTUM COLLECTION:
Obtaining a Sputum Sample
A
Mouth should be free from foreign objects
Early morning specimen
Induce sputum
Cough into sterile cup
8
Q
Patient should be instructed to cough up the sputum which is then collected in __________, _________, _________________ or ___________
A
clean, sterile, wide mouth bottle or disposable plastic containers.
9
Q
NEVER USE ______ CUPS
A
PAPER
10
Q
Culture specimen transport to laboratory
A
Sputum gram stain
Anaerobic culture
Aerobic culture specimen
Tuberculosis culture
11
Q
Physical Characteristics of sputum
A
Quantity/Volume
Consistency
Reaction
Turbidity
Odor
Color
12
Q
Volume of sputum
A
No specific volume
13
Q
Small amount- not always normal
Dse. Associated:
A
a. early PTB
b. acute bronchitis
c. pneumonia
14
Q
Over 100cc/24hrs
Dse. Associated:
A
pulmonary edema
Broncheictasis- characterized by bronchial dilatations/swelling of bronchi
Lung abscess - lesion of lungs
15
Q
Over 500cc/ 24hrs
Dse. Associated:
A
Amoebic abscess - infection parasites
16
Q
Over 1,000cc/ 24hrs
Dse. Associated:
A
severe broncheictasis
cavity TB - hole on lungs
Acute edema of lungs
Chronic bronchitis
17
Q
characterized by bronchial dilatations/swelling of bronchi
A
Bronchiectasis
18
Q
lesion on the lungs because of infection.
A
Lung abscess
19
Q
Frothy sputum or serouf
A
Pulmonary edema
20
Q
infection caused by parasite
A
Amoebic abscess
21
Q
hole on lungs/ white spots on the lungs
A
Cavity TB
22
Q
Consistency: sialic acid is responsible for sputum’s viscosity
A
Watery
23
Q
Consistency: Blood-gelatinous sputum (Currant-Jelly) disease
A
Klebsiella pneumoniae infection
Pneumococcal pneumonia
24
Q
Consistency: Cloudy, mucoid sputum disease
A
Chronic bronchitis
25
Consistency: Three layered appearance (stagnant, purulent sputum)
Bronchiectasis
Lung abscess
26
Consistency: vFollows asthma exacerbation
Stringy mucoid sputum/ frothy
27
Reaction of sputum
Slightly acidic
28
Reaction of pH
6.5-7.0
29
Turbidity: Frothy sputum or serous (air bubble, hemoglobin)
Pulmonary edema
30
Turbidity: mucoid disease
•Bronchiectasis
•TB with cavities
31
Turbidity: Foamy, clear materials
Saliva
Nasal secretion
32
Normal odor of sputum
Odorless
33
Abnormally odor: In pulmonary tuberculosis with cavities, bronchiectasis, bronchomoniliasis
Sweetish
34
Abnormally odor: Usually due to Fusobacteria & Spirochetes found in mouth, or anaerobic infections within the lung,
lung abscess and necrotizing bronchogenic carcinoma
Putrid or foul
35
Abnormally odor: In necrosis or malignant tumors and perforating emphysema
Cheesy odor
36
Abnormally odor: Rupture sunphrenic or liver abscess and in enteric gram negative products
Fecal odor
37
Color: When made of mucus only
Colorless/translucent/opaque
38
Color: When pus is present, seen in advance pulmonary tuberculosis,
chronic bronchitis, jaundice and lobar pneumonia
White or yellow
39
Color: When pus and epithelial cells are present
Gray
40
Color: When bile is present as in jaundice, rupture of the liver abscess into
the lungs and infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bright green or greenish
41
Color: bright green or greenish When bile is present as in jaundice, rupture of the liver abscess into
the lungs and infection caused by___________
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
42
Color: When there is fresh blood or new hemorrhage. If blood streaks are
present, it is indicative of pulmonary tuberculosis or bronchiectasis
Red or bright red
43
Color: When old blood is present, seen in pneumonia, pulmonary gangrene,
rupture of amoebic abscess of the liver into the lung or pigmented
cells in chronic passive congestion, due to cardiac pigment after
hemorrhage from the lung pulmonary infarction.
Anchovy sauce/ rusty brown
44
Color: Pneumonia and chronic cancer of the lungs
Prune juice
45
Color: Lobar pneumonia
Rusty red
46
Color: cancer
Olive green/ grass green
47
Color: Indicates inhalation of dust or dirt, carbon, charcoal, in cases like
anthracosis and heavy smokers.
Black
48
Color: Due to destruction of neutrophils and release of verdo peroxidase
Yellow green
49
Macroscopic structures
Cheesy masses
Curschmann’s spiral
Bronchial cast
Dittrich’s bodies/ plugs
Lung stone
Foreign bodies
Parasites
50
Fragments of necrotic tissue, pulmonary tissue or bits
cartilaginous rings, from pin-point to pin size.
Cheesy masses
51
Present in so-called nummular sputum from a tuberculosis
cavity, pulmonary gangrene, abscess of the lungs and
actinomyccosis
Cheesy masses
52
Seen in bronchial asthma
Curschmann’s spiral
53
Yellowish-white, spirally twisted mucoid strands
Curschmann’s spiral
54
These are branching tree-like casts of the bronchi, seen in lobar pneumonia, fibrinous bronchitis and diphtheria
Bronchial cast
55
Yellow of gray caseous masses, seen in asthma, putrid bronchitis
Dittrich’s bodies/plug
56
• Pinhead and Emits a foul odor when crushed
Dittrich’s bodies/plugs
57
Small calcified nodules or stagnant contents of cavities or dilated bronchi or calcified tuberculosis tissue . Sometimes
the core is a small foreign body or a fungal growth.
Lung stone
58
Lung stone two liths
Bronchioliths or pneumoliths
59
Include concretions formed in the bronchi made of calcium carbonate and phosphate and aspirated substances such as: pollen, seeds, dust
Foreign bodies
60
Parasite includes in sputum
Echinococcus granulosus, paragonimus westermanii, & toxoplasma canis
61
Must be treated first with KOH or
NaOH to dissolve the mucus
Elastic fiber
Curschmann spiral
Crystal
Myelin globules
Actinomyces hominis
Moulds and Yeast
Creola Bodies
Blood Cells
62
Normally present in the walls of the alveoli, bronchioles and the blood vessels
Elastic fiber
63
Yellow, wavy threads; Usually coiled into balls, seen in
bright colorless with central
lines
Curschmann’s spiral
64
Indicates stasis and decomposition of the sputum in the body or in an
old specimen that is often unsatisfactory
Crystal
65
Seen in bronchial asthma, arises from the disintegration of
eosinophil
Charcot leyden crystals
66
Stains black in hematoxylin and red with eosin
Charcot leyden crystal
67
Often octahedral and/or hexagonal in shape
Charcot leyden crystal
68
Rhombic and brownish red
Hematoidin
69
Arranged in rosettes
Hematoidin
70
Resulted down from breaking down of old blood and are found in
pulmonary infections, lung abscess, pulmonary infarction
Hematoidin
71
Colorless, thin, rhombic plates with
notched corner. This indicates stasis with
fatty degeneration of exudates and are
often in lung abscess and emphysema
Cholesterol crystal
72
Long, colorless needles, arranged in seeves
Fatty acid crystal
73
Also indicates stasis with fatty degeneration of
exudates and are often in lung abscess
Fatty acid crystal
74
Heart failure cell
Blood pigmented cells, chiefly
Hemosiderin
75
Appears as round grayish or colorless; Diffuse staining; Found in congestive heart failure
Heart failure cells
76
Contain carbon and are less important
; Appears as angular black granules both intracellular and extracellular
Carbon laden crystal
77
Seen in anthracosis, heavy tobacco smokers and in people living in
smoky atmosphere
Carbon-laden crystal
78
3 Layers of Sputum after Standing (After 24 hours of standing)
Carbohydrates mucus layer (upper)
Opaque watery material (mid)
Sediment ( bottom)
79
With little or no clinical significance; Colorless, round, oval or ear-shaped globules of various sizes
Myelin globules
80
Reported in order to minimize confusions with more important
structures like Blastomyces.
Myelin globules
81
Resembles fat droplets and yeast-like fungi
Myelin globules
82
Large structures show peculiar concentric or irregular spiral markings
Myelin globules
83
Abundant in the scanty morning sputum of health persons and may be found in closely packed sputum
Myelin globules
84
Absent or scarce in specimens with inflammatory exudates
Myelin globules
85
Small and yellowish structures with sulphur granules which can be seen with unaided eye
Actinomyces hominis
86
consist of a network of threads having more or less radial arrangement
Actinomyces hominis
87
Seen better by running small amount of eosin in alcohol solution and glycerin under the cover glass
Actinomyces hominis
88
Seen in Actinomycotic pulmonary infection
Actinomyces hominis
89
Hyphae are rods usually jointed or branched and often arranged in meshwork (mycelium)
Mould and yeast
90
Spores are highly refractive spheres and ovoid
Moulds and yeast
91
Seen in pneumomycosis specifically infection by Aspergillus fumigatus
Moulds and yeast
92
Grows in sputum upon long standing of tuberculosis specimen
Moulds and yeast
93
Cluster of ciliated columnar cells found in the sputum of asthmatic patients
Creola Bodies
94
Major blood present in sputum & Markedly increased when pus is present
Leukocytes
95
Eosinophil are commonly seen in allergic patients (asthma) and can be demonstrated by Wright's stain
Leukocytes
96
Present in lung hemorrhage, pulmonary tuberculosis, and
Paragonimus westermanit infection
Erythrocytes
97
Detected by Guaiac or benzidine tests or presence of blood derivatives such as hemosiderin
Erythrocytes
98
erythrocyte Detected by _________ or ________ tests or presence of blood derivatives such as hemosiderin
Guaiac or benzidine
99
Erythrocytes Detected by Guaiac or benzidine tests or presence of blood derivatives such as ____________
hemosiderin
