Missed Qs from Exam 2 Flashcards
(104 cards)
According to gate control theory, pain can be alleviated by:
A. taking a placebo.
B. taking an SSRI.
C. massaging the site of the pain.
D. reframing negative thoughts.
C. massaging the site of the pain.
Although ____________ personality disorder usually has a chronic course, its symptoms may become less severe as the person gets older, especially during the fourth decade of life.
A. schizoid
B. paranoid
C. obsessive-compulsive
D. antisocial
D. antisocial
Atkinson, Thompson, and Grant’s (1993) three-dimensional model of multicultural counseling provides guidelines for choosing the optimal role for therapists when working with clients from ethnic/racial minority groups. For example, it recommends that therapists adopt which of the following roles when a client’s level of acculturation is low, the client’s problem is external, and the primary goal is remediation?
A. consultant
B. adviser
C. advocate
D. change agent
C. advocate
As described by Erikson, the positive outcome (“virtue”) of the ego integrity versus despair stage of psychosocial development is which of the following?
A. wisdom
B. purpose
C. care
D. will
A. wisdom
Francis Galton was surprised when he found that a group of contestants at a country fair produced a more accurate estimate of an oxen’s weight when their individual estimates were averaged than the estimate made by any one cattle expert. Averaging the estimates provided by a group of contestants is an example of which of the following tasks?
A. disjunctive
B. conjunctive
C. discretionary
D. compensatory
D. compensatory
A supervisor consistently gives supervisees high ratings on a performance rating scale, even when they don’t deserve them. This supervisor is exhibiting which of the following?
A. positive skew
B. central tendency bias
C. positive halo
D. leniency bias
D. leniency bias
Which of the following is true about OCD?
A. The onset of symptoms is earlier in males and males are more likely to have a comorbid tic disorder.
B. The onset of symptoms is earlier in females and females are more likely to have a comorbid tic disorder.
C. The onset of symptoms is earlier in males but females are more likely to have a comorbid tic disorder.
D. The onset of symptoms is earlier in females but males are more likely to have a comorbid tic disorder.
A. The onset of symptoms is earlier in males and males are more likely to have a comorbid tic disorder.
Which of the following has been found to be the best predictor of job performance across different jobs and different measures of job performance?
A. structured employment interviews
B. general mental ability tests
C. biographical information blanks
D. assessment centers
B general mental ability tests
Following a traumatic brain injury, a young woman is unable to form new long-term declarative memories. Most likely, the injury affected which of the following areas of her brain?
A. amygdala
B. hippocampus
C. hypothalamus
D. substantia nigra
B. hippocampus
To estimate the effect of shortening or lengthening a test on the test’s reliability coefficient, you would use which of the following?
A. coefficient of determination
B. coefficient alpha
C. Spearman-Brown formula
D. Kuder-Richardson formula 20
C. Spearman-Brown formula
The research has found that, in adulthood, __________ memory is most negatively affected by increasing age.
A. primary
B. secondary
C. implicit
D. sensory
B. secondary
Mayo (1933) found that, no matter what changes were made to lighting and other physical work conditions, factory workers’ productivity increased. They attributed this to the special attention the workers received as research participants and referred to it as the:
A. placebo effect.
B. confirmation effect.
C. Hawthorne effect.
D. Barnum effect.
C. Hawthorne effect.
Re. leadership style, which of the following is the best conclusion that can be drawn?
A. A high level of consideration is more important than a high level of initiating structure for both satisfaction and performance.
B. A high level of initiating structure is more important than a high level of consideration for both satisfaction and performance.
C. A high level of consideration is more important for satisfaction, while a high level of initiating structure is more important for performance.
D. A high level of consideration is more important for performance, while a high level of initiating structure is more important for satisfaction.
C. A high level of consideration is more important for satisfaction, while a high level of initiating structure is more important for performance.
Based on the results of his research on learning, _____ concluded that deriving a solution to a problem can be the result of insight, which involves mentally restructuring the elements of the problem in order to see it in a new way.
A. Hermann Ebbinghaus
B. Wolfgang Kohler
C. Edward Thorndike
D. Edward Tolman
B. Wolfgang Kohler
The overjustification effect occurs when:
A. a person attributes the pos outcomes of his behavior to dispositional factors when they were actually due to situational factors.
B. a person attributes the neg outcomes of his behavior to situational factors when they were actually due to dispositional factors.
C. obtaining external rewards for engaging in a behavior reduces intrinsic motivation to perform that behavior.
D. obtaining external rewards for engaging in a behavior increases intrinsic motivation to perform that behavior.
C. obtaining external rewards for engaging in a behavior reduces intrinsic motivation to perform that behavior.
Studies investigating the impact of client-therapist match in terms of race and ethnicity suggest that:
A. clients tend to prefer therapists of the same race/ethnicity and have significantly better therapy outcomes when their therapists the same race/ethnicity.
B. clients tend to prefer therapists of the same race/ethnicity but matching clients and therapists in terms of race/ethnicity has little effect on outcomes.
C. clients experience significantly better outcomes when therapists are of the same race/ethnicity only when they had a strong preference for a therapist of the same race/ethnicity.
D. clients experience worse therapy outcomes when therapists are not of the same race/ethnicity, regardless of preferences.
B. clients tend to prefer therapists of the same race or ethnicity but matching clients and therapists in terms of race and ethnicity has little effect on therapy outcomes.
Gaylen, age 19, is brought to therapy by her mother, who says she has been “acting weird” lately. She says that Gaylen is normally pretty sensible but that, for the past 2 mts, she’s been complaining about hearing voices telling her that she’s worthless and a burden on her family and should kill herself. Gaylen’s mother also says that, when she tries to have a conversation with Gaylen, it’s often impossible to understand what she’s saying. When you ask Gaylen about the voices she hears, her response is rambling and incoherent. Assuming that Gaylen’s sx are not due to mental dis/medical cond/drugs, the most likely diagnosis is:
A. delusional disorder.
B. brief psychotic disorder.
C. schizophreniform disorder.
D. schizophrenia.
C. schizophreniform disorder.
To evaluate the test-retest reliability of a newly developed measure of intelligence, a test developer administers the test to the same sample of examinees on 2 occasions. When he correlates the 2 sets of scores, he obtains a reliability coefficient of .60. To increase this reliability coefficient, the test developer should:
A. increase the # of test items and make sure the new sample of examinees is heterogeneous re level/int.
B. increase the # of test items and make sure the new sample of examinees is homogeneous re level/int.
C. decrease the # of test items and make sure the new sample of examinees is heterogeneous re level/int.
D. decrease the # of test items and make sure the new sample of examinees is homogeneous re level/int.
A. increase the number of test items and make sure the new sample of examinees is heterogeneous with regard to level of intelligence.
One of the Qs included in a survey asks employees to rate the fairness of the outcomes of a recent organizational decision regarding raises and bonuses. This Q assesses employees’ perceptions of which of:
A. distributive justice
B. procedural justice
C. normative justice
D. interactional justice
A. distributive justice
A meta-analysis of the research led Rhodes and Wood (1992) to conclude that _______________ are associated with the greatest susceptibility to persuasion.
A. low levels of both self-esteem and intelligence
B. moderate levels of both self-esteem and intelligence
C. low levels of self-esteem and moderate levels of intelligence
D. moderate levels of self-esteem and low levels of intelligence
D. moderate levels of self-esteem and low levels of intelligence
For most infants, separation anxiety begins when the infant is between __________ months of age.
A. 2 and 4
B. 4 and 6
C. 6 and 8
D. 8 and 10
C. 6 and 8
Which of the following has NOT been identified as an explanation for bystander apathy?
A. social loafing
B. pluralistic ignorance
C. evaluation apprehension
D. diffusion of responsibility
A. social loafing
As described by Vygotsky, “scaffolding” refers to which of the following?
A. existing cognitive schemas
B. assistance from adults and more experienced peers
C. rehearsing a new skill past the point of mastery
D. reinforcers that are used to shape a desired behavior
B. assistance from adults and more experienced peers
Which of the following best describes sensory memory?
A. large capacity and brief duration
B. large capacity and long duration
C. small capacity and brief duration
D. small capacity and long duration
A. large capacity and brief duration