missed stuff

Question 1

what condition has fibrosis connecting central veins

Answer 1

cardiac sclerosis/cirrhosis

Question 2

The liver is attached to the anterior abdominal wall and the diaphragm by which of the following peritoneal ligaments

Answer 2

falciform ligament

Question 3

relate the locations of the right hepatic artery and common hepatic duct

Answer 3

is passes posterior to the duct

Question 4

regenerative nodules are seen in…

Answer 4

cirrhosis

Question 5

what can elevate AFP

Answer 5

cirrhosis, HCC, pregnancy

Question 6

what is the classic presentation of ascending cholangitis

Answer 6

jaundice, fever, RUQ pain

Question 7

rotinkansky-aschoff sinus is associated with…

Answer 7

chronic cholecystitis

Question 8

describe the presentation of neonatal hepatitis

Answer 8

failure to thrive, increasing jaundice, giant multinucleated hepatocytes, portal tract infiltrate

Question 9

when do we see piecemeal necrosis

Answer 9

chronic and autoimmune hepatitis

Question 10

describe the relationship between insulin and glucagon

Answer 10

they have opposite effects of blood sugar. however, when glucagon is active, it will also increase insulin activity. this is because glucagon will raise blood glucose, and insulin will be needed in order to bring that glucose into the cells

Question 11

what does GLP do

Answer 11

stimulate insulin, inhibit glucagon, delay gastric emptying

Question 12

serous demilunes are found in…

Answer 12

submandibular glands

Question 13

what are the micronodular forms of cirrhosis

Answer 13

alcoholic and biliary

Question 14

CA 19-9 is a marker for…

Answer 14

pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Question 15

the right gastric artery branches off of…

Answer 15

the proper hepatic artery

Question 15

the gastroduodenal artery branches off of…

Answer 15

the common hepatic artery

Question 16

what is the most common lesion of the appendix

Answer 16

carcinoid tumor

Question 17

what is the pathogenesis of whipples disease

Answer 17

whippeli invade and replicate within macrophages in the small intestine, leading to epithelial damage and malabsorption. they may also lead to systemic spread causing joint pain, CNS, and CVD symptoms.

Question 18

what is seen on histology of whipples disease

Answer 18

foamy macrophages that are PAS stain positive

Question 19

B12 is absorbed in…

Answer 19

the ileum

Question 20

there is an area of obstruction from an encircling mass with superficial ulceration that is located at 20 cm. some may even say it looks like an apple core. what is it

Answer 20

colon adenocarcinoma

Question 21

compare hematemesis in a mallory-weiss tear vs esophageal varices

Answer 21

in mallory-weiss, the emesis is painful. it is painless with esophageal varices.

Question 22

what cancers does folate reduce risk of

Answer 22

pancreas, esophageal, colorectal

Question 23

what cancers does selenium reduce risk of

Answer 23

prostate, lung, colorectal

Question 24

what is the reservoir for yersinia

Answer 24

rodents

Question 25

are peptic ulcers more common in the stomach or duodenum

Answer 25

duodenum

Question 26

pernicious anemia is a risk factor for developing...

Answer 26

gastric carcinoma (autoimmune destruction of parietal cells causes pernicious anemia and later potentially cancer)

Question 27

what is the positioning of the SMA and SMV relative to the duodenum

Answer 27

they pass anterior to the third part of the duodenum

Question 28

A 28-year-old male patient undergoes an open appendectomy. Postoperatively, he reports numbness and tingling in the skin over the anterior scrotum and upper medial thigh. Which nerve is most likely affected

Answer 28

ilioinguinal

Question 29

how do corticoids impact blood glucose

Answer 29

they may raise it by promoting gluconeogenesis and reducing glucose uptake

Question 30

which pancreatic endocrine tumor is the most likely to be malignant

Answer 30

gastrinoma

Question 31

how is schistoma acquired

Answer 31

through the skin

Question 32

what is a classic presentation of toxocara?

Answer 32

recent exposure to a cat or dog, urticaria, eosinophilia, and wheezing

Question 33

which parasite does this egg belong to

Answer 33

enterobius

Question 34

which parasite may cause petechiae in the colon

Answer 34

schistosoma mansoni

Question 35

what 3 pathogens are humans not the definitive host for

Answer 35

toxoplasma, toxocara, echinococcus

Question 36

anti-endomysial antibodies are associated with...

Answer 36

celiac

Question 37

variceal bleeding is due to anastamoses between...

Answer 37

left gastric vein and lower esophageal veins

Question 38

what is seen grossly in reye's syndrome

Answer 38

microvesicular steatosis; NO necrosis

Question 39

hepatitis causes what kind of cirrhosis

Answer 39

mixed micro and macronodular

Question 40

alcoholic cirrhosis is what kind of cirrhosis

Answer 40

micronodular with a yellow-tan color

Question 41

billiary cirrhosis causes what kind of cirrhosis

Answer 41

micronodular with a greenish color

Question 42

post-necrotic cirrhosis causes what kind of cirrhosis

Answer 42

mixed macro and micro nodular

Question 43

chorioretinitis is associated with...

Answer 43

toxoplasma

Question 44

"pale bodies" and parallel fibrosis are buzz words for...

Answer 44

fibrolamellar variant of HCC

Question 45

spider angiomas are a sign of...

Answer 45

cirrhosis

Question 46

painless jaundice can be seen in...

Answer 46

pancreatic cancer

Question 47

which bug is associated with peripheral neuropathy and pernicious anemia

Answer 47

diphyllobothrium

Question 48

what is the spiral shaped gram negative rod

Answer 48

H. pylori

Question 49

ground glass hepatocytes are seen in...

Answer 49

chronic hep b

Question 50

where does the migratory motility complex occur

Answer 50

from the pyloric sphincter to ileocecal junction occurs following interdigestive period

Question 51

A 6-year-old boy who has sickle cell disease develops an enlarged spleen. He is taken to the Emergency Department when there is a sudden drop in hemoglobin levels due to sequestration or pooling of erythrocytes in the spleen. Assuming that the human spleen has an open circulation, most of the erythrocytes would be trapped in which of the following components

Answer 51

red pulp chords

Question 52

the rotation of the stomach impacts which structures

Answer 52

those in the foregut