SFP: small intestine, large intestine, portal venous system

Question 1

What are the segments of the small intestine?

Answer 1

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 2

Where does the ileum connect to the large intestine?

Answer 2

The cecum

Question 3

The ___ of the small intestine is typically found in the upper left quadrant.

Answer 3

Jejunum

Question 4

The ___ of the small intestine is typically found in the lower right quadrant.

Answer 4

Ileum

Question 5

Which is thicker and wider, the jejunum or the ileum?

Answer 5

The jejunum

Question 6

Compare the infoldings of mucosa of the jejunum and the ileum.

Answer 6

The mucosa of the jejunum has much more visible plicae circularis, while it may not be visible in the ileum.

Question 7

Compare the lymphoid elements of the jejunum and ileum.

Answer 7

Not many at all in jejunum, but there are many (including Peyer’s patches) in the ileum.

Question 8

The root of the mesentery crosses…

Answer 8

The aorta

Question 9

What are vasa recta?

Answer 9

Intestinal branches within the mesentery

Question 10

Compare vasa recta in mesentery associated with the jejunum vs ileum.

Answer 10

The structure/system is much more complex and thus shorter in the ileum. They are longer and simpler in the jejunum.

Question 11

Compare the fat of the mesentery in the jejunum vs ileum.

Answer 11

The fat stops prior to the wall between the mesentery and jejunum, where it crosses over the wall in the ileum.

Question 12

What veins merge to form the portal vein?

Answer 12

Superior mesenteric and splenic veins

Question 13

The superior mesenteric vein is to the ___ of the artery.

Answer 13

Right

Question 14

What is Meckel’s diverticulum the remnant of?

Answer 14

The vitelline duct

Question 15

Where is Meckel’s diverticulum?

Answer 15

About 2 feet from the ileocecal junction

Question 16

What is the hepatic flexure?

Answer 16

The point where the ascending colon becomes the transverse colon

Question 17

What is the splenic flexure?

Answer 17

The point where the traverse colon becomes the descending colon

Question 18

What portions of the large intestine are intraperitoneal?

Answer 18

Cecum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon

Question 19

What portions of the large intestine are retroperitoneal?

Answer 19

Ascending colon and descending colon

Question 20

What is taenia coli?

Answer 20

“Ribbons” on the outside of the gut that create haustra coli

Question 21

What does the mucosa of the large intestine look like?

Answer 21

It has semilunar folds due to the formation of haustra coli

Question 22

What are epiploic appendices?

Answer 22

Tags of fat along the taenia coli

Question 23

Where does the appendix originate?

Answer 23

The posterior medial wall of the cecum

Question 24

What are the mesenteric folds of the large intestine?

Answer 24

Superior ileocecal fold, inferior ileocecal fold, and mesoappendix

Question 25

Describe the blood supply of the cecum and appendix.

Answer 25

The main branch is the ileocolic artery, that forms superior and inferior branches. The inferior gives rise to the anterior cecal artery, the inferior gives rise to the posterior cecal artery. The posterior cecal artery gives rise to the appendicular branch that serves the appendix.

Question 26

McBurney’s point is related to…

Answer 26

The appendix

Question 27

What causes referred pain in appendicitis?

Answer 27

The viscera stretching at the level of T10 causes referred pain to the umbilicus.

Question 28

What causes localized pain in appendicitis?

Answer 28

The inflamed appendix directly contacts the parietal peritoneum in the RLQ.

Question 29

The ascending colon runs posterior to…

Answer 29

The coils of the small intestine and the greater omentum

Question 30

The ascending colon is anterior to…

Answer 30

Posterior abdominal muscle and lower pole of the right kidney

Question 31

What is significant about the transverse colon in terms of blood and nerve supplies?

Answer 31

It serves as a transition area from midgut to hindgut for both!

Question 32

The transverse colon is posterior to…

Answer 32

The greater omentum

Question 33

The transverse colon is anterior to…

Answer 33

Coils of the jejunum, and ileum

Question 34

Where does the root of mesocolon and transverse colon cross?

Answer 34

Anterior to the 2nd part of duodenum and pancreas

Question 35

The descending colon is posterior to…

Answer 35

Coils of small intestine and greater omentum

Question 36

The descending colon is anterior to…

Answer 36

Muscles of posterior abdominal wall and lateral border of the left kidney

Question 37

What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer 37

Ileocolic artery, right colic artery, and middle colic artery

Question 38

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

Answer 38

Left colic artery and sigmoid branches

Question 39

What does the superior mesenteric vein drain?

Answer 39

Cecum, appendix, ascending colon, 2/3rds of the transverse colon

Question 40

What does the inferior mesenteric vein drain?

Answer 40

1/3rd of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid rectum, upper rectum

Question 41

What do the greater splanchnic nerves supply?

Answer 41

Stomach and duodenum

Question 42

What do the lesser splanchnic nerves supply?

Answer 42

Ileum, jejunum, ascending colon, proximal 2/3rds of transverse colon

Question 43

What do the lumbar splanchnic supply?

Answer 43

Distal third of the transverse colon and descending colon

Question 44

At what point do vagal trunks not provide parasympathetic innervation?

Answer 44

The distal third of the transverse colon