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block 5 > SFP: esophagus, stomach, duodenum > Flashcards

SFP: esophagus, stomach, duodenum Flashcards

(82 cards)

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1
Q

At what spinal level does the esophagus meet the diaphragm?

A

T10

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2
Q

The abdominal esophagus passes ___ to the aorta

A

Anterior

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3
Q

At the level of T12/within the abdomen, the esophagus passes __ to the right vagal trunk and ___ to the left vagal trunk

A

Anterior, posterior

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4
Q

The abdominal esophagus passes ___ to the left lobe of the liver

A

Posterior

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5
Q

The abdominal esophagus passes ___ to the left crus of the diaphragm

A

Anterior

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6
Q

The stomach is __ to the abdominal musculature

A

Posterior

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7
Q

The stomach is ___ to the left costal margin

A

Posterior

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8
Q

The stomach is ___ to the left lung and pleural cavity

A

Posterior

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9
Q

The stomach is ___ to the left lobe of the liver

A

Posterior

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10
Q

The stomach is ___ to the lesser sac

A

Anterior

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11
Q

The stomach is ___ to the spleen

A

Anterior

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12
Q

The stomach is ___ to the left adrenal gland and kidney

A

Anterior

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13
Q

The stomach is ___ to the pancreas

A

Anterior

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14
Q

The stomach is ___ to the transverse colon

A

Anterior

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15
Q

What is the Z line?

A

The transition point where the esophagus meets the stomach

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16
Q

What is the lining of the esophagus?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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17
Q

What is the lining of the stomach?

A

Columnar/secretory epithelium

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18
Q

What is the gastroesophageal sphincter?

A

A physiologic sphincter between the esophagus and stomach that helps keep the contents of the stomach from refluxing into the esophagus

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19
Q

How can the PSNS impact the gastroesophageal sphincter?

A

It stimulates contraction of circular muscle fibers in the sphincter, allowing for peristalsis to move contents into the stomach

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20
Q

What is gastrin?

A

A hormone secreted by the stomach that stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the gastroesophageal sphincter in the presence of food

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21
Q

What are 3 factors that help prevent reflux?

A
  1. The “sling” of the right crus of the diaphragm
  2. Flattened shape of esophagus
  3. Angle at union of stomach and esophagus
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22
Q

What are the 2 notches of the stomach?

A

Cardiac (left of the esophagus) and incisura angularis (right border between body and pyloric region)

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23
Q

What are the 2 curvatures of the stomach?

A

Lesser and greater

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24
Q

What are the 4 parts of the stomach?

A

Cardiac, fundus, body, pylorus

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25
What are the two portions of the pylorus?
Pyloric antrum and pyloric canal
26
What are rugae?
Longitudinal folds of the stomach mucosa; they flatten as the stomach expands
27
In what part of the stomach are rugae not found?
The fundus
28
Describe the pyloric sphincter.
It is composed of smooth muscle and surrounds the pyloric canal; it is both an anatomic and physiologic sphincter
29
What are the 3 layers of the stomach wall from external to internal?
Outer longitudinal, inner circular, innermost oblique
30
Where is the longitudinal layer of the stomach most concentrated?
Along the curvatures
31
Where in the inner circular layer of the stomach mostly found?
The body and pylorus
32
Describe the distribution of the oblique layer of the stomach wall.
It loops over the fundus and runs down the anterior and posterior walls parallel to the lesser curvature
33
How does the PSNS impact the pyloric sphincter?
It inhibits contraction of the circular smooth muscle fibers, leaving the sphincter relaxed and letting chyme pass into the duodenum
34
How does the SNS impact the pyloric sphincter?
It constricts the circular smooth muscle, preventing chyme from passing to the duodenum
35
When is the stomach more J shaped?
In taller, thin individuals
36
When is the stomach steerhorn shaped?
Heavier, shorter individuals
37
The lesser omentum reflects from the stomach as…
The hepatogastric ligament
38
The hepatogastric ligament is continuous with…
The hepatoduodenal portion of the lesser omentum running from the first portion of the duodenum
39
Describe how the visceral peritoneum reflects from the stomach.
Reflects from the body at the greater curvature and forms the gastrosplenic ligament
40
Where does the greater omentum reflect from?
The greater curvature
41
What branches of the abdominal aorta supply the digestive system?
Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery
42
What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk?
Left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, splenic artery
43
What does the left gastric artery supply?
The lower third of the esophagus and the stomach
44
What does the common hepatic artery give rise to?
Gastroduodenal and proper hepatic arteries
45
The gastroduodenal artery gives rise to…
The right gastroepiploic artery
46
Where does the right gastroepiploic artery run?
Along the greater curvature of the stomach in the greater omentum
47
The right gastric artery runs…
Toward the pylorus along the lesser curvature
48
What does the right gastric artery anastomose with?
The left gastric artery
49
What does the splenic artery give rise to?
Short gastric arteries and left gastroepiploic artery
50
What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?
Small intestine, ascending colon, transverse colon
51
What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
Descending colon, sigmoid colon, upper rectum
52
Where does venous blood from the alimentary tract drain?
The portal venous system
53
What veins form the portal vein?
Splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein
54
Which veins drain directly into the portal vein?
Right and left gastric veins
55
The inferior mesenteric vein drains into the…
Splenic vein
56
The short gastric and left gastroepiploic veins drain into the
Splenic vein
57
The right gastroepiploic vein drains into the
Superior mesenteric vein
58
What is the length of the duodenum?
10 inches
59
What is the plane of the duodenum?
Retroperitoneal
60
The duodenum receives from which ducts?
Bile duct and pancreatic duct
61
The duodenum is ___ to the epiploic foramen
Inferior
62
The duodenum is __ to the hepatoduodenal part of lesser omentum
Inferior
63
The duodenum is ___ to the gallbladder
Posterior
64
The duodenum is ___ to the quadrate lobe of the liver
Posterior
65
The duodenum is ___ to the IVC
Anterior
66
The duodenum is ___ to the portal vein
Anterior
67
What is the pilica circularis?
Inner mucosal folds of the first part of the duodenum
68
What does the minor duodenal papilla receive?
The accessory pancreatic duct
69
What is anterior to the third part of the duodenum?
Root of the mesentery and superior mesenteric vessels
70
What is posterior to the third part of the duodenum?
IVC and aorta
71
What is the blood supply for the duodenum?
Superior pancreatico-duodenal artery and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
72
What are the two ligaments of the spleen?
Lienorenal ligament and gastrosplenic ligament
73
Which ligament of the spleen does the splenic artery run through?
Lienorenal ligament
74
The intestinal lymph trunk drains into…
Cisterna chyli
75
Lymphatic drainage follows…
Arterial supply
76
What are celiac nodes?
Lymphatic vessels that drain the liver, gallbladder, stomach, upper duodenum, and pancreas
77
What are superior mesenteric nodes?
Lymphatic vessels that drain the lower duodenum and pancreas
78
Parasympathetic innervation of abdominal viscera comes from…
The vagal trunks
79
Where do postganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapse?
Ganglia near or in the wall of the viscera
80
Sympathetic innervation of the abdominal viscera comes from…
The greater splanchnic nerve
81
Where do postganglionic sympathetic fibers synapse?
Celiac ganglia
82
Where do sympathetic nerves of the foregut originate? What is the significance of this?
T5-9; it is related to referred pain in those dermatomes

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