Mitosis

Question 1

What type of asexual cell division occurs in eukaryotes

Answer 1

Mitosis

Question 2

What type of cell division occurs in prokaryotes

Answer 2

Binary fission

Question 3

What type of cell division creates gametes

Answer 3

Meiosis

Question 4

In prokaryotes what are the three categories of sexual reproduction cell division

Answer 4

Transformation, transduction, conjunction

Question 5

What is transformation in prokaryotes

Answer 5

Takes up DNA found within environment from other prokaryotes

Question 6

Transduction

Answer 6

Prokaryote is infected by virus which injects short pieces of chromosomal DNA from one bacterium to another

Question 7

Conjugation

Answer 7

DNA is transferred between prokaryotes by a sex pilus

Question 8

All DNA in a cell constitutes its

Answer 8

Genome

Question 9

DNA molecules are packaged into

Answer 9

Chromosomes

Question 10

When cell is not dividing the chromosome takes the form of a

Answer 10

Chromatin fiber

Question 11

Chromosome DNA is wrapped around what

Answer 11

Proteins called histones

Question 12

What are somatic cells

Answer 12

Non reproductive cells with two sets of chromosomes, formed by mitosis

Question 13

What are gametic cells

Answer 13

Reproductive cells like sperm and eggs with half as many chromosomes, formed by meiosis

Question 14

Each replicated chromosome has two what

Answer 14

Sister chromatids

Question 15

Where are sister chromatids most closely attached

Answer 15

The centromere

Question 16

Sister chromatids are held together with what

Answer 16

rings of proteins called cohesins

Question 17

What are condensins

Answer 17

Protein rings along the length of chromosomes to compact chromosomes before cell division

Question 18

What are the two phases of the cell cycle

Answer 18

Mitotic (M) phase
Interphase

Question 19

The mitotic phase consists of

Answer 19

Mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 20

Interphase consists of

Answer 20

G1 phase (first Gap)
S phase (synthesis)
G2 phase (second gap)

Question 21

What is the Mitotic spindle

Answer 21

Apparatus of microtubules which controls the movement of chromosomes during mitosis

Question 22

The mitotic spindle consists of

Answer 22

The centrosomes, spindle microtubules, and asters

Question 23

The centrosome is

Answer 23

The organelle that serves as a microtubules organizing center (MTOC)

Question 24

What are asters or astral microtubules

Answer 24

Short microtubules that go to the closest cell wall to the centrosome

Question 25

What are the two main types of spindle microtubules

Answer 25

Kinetochore microtubules and Non-kinetochore microtubules

Question 26

What does the kinetochore microtubules attach to

Answer 26

Sister chromatids on the kinetochore which is found at the centromere

Question 27

What do non-kinetochore microtubules attach to

Answer 27

Other non kinetochore microtubules

Question 28

What happens during G2 phase

Answer 28

Centrosomes are duplicated

Question 29

What happens in S phase

Answer 29

DNA replicated

Question 30

What happens in prophase

Answer 30

Nucleolus disappears and chromatin fibers form chromosomes, centrosomes begin to move away from each other

Question 31

Prometaphase

Answer 31

Nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes completely condense, microtubules enter nuclear space and attach to chromosomes

Question 32

What are the phases of mitosis

Answer 32

Prophase prometaphase metaphase anaphase telophase

Question 33

Metaphase

Answer 33

Centrosomes fully at opposite ends, chromosomes are held in the middle of the cell on the metaphase (equatorial) plate, spindle apparatus complete

Question 34

Anaphase

Answer 34

Chromosomes pulled apart and non-kinetochore grow to elongate cell

Question 35

Telophase

Answer 35

Chromosomes decondense into chromatin, nucleolus and nuclear envelope reappear and spindle microtubules disappear.

Question 36

Cytokinesis

Answer 36

In animal cells uses a cleavage furrow to separate the 2 daughter cells In plant cells they use a cell plate

Question 37

What seems to be the most important checkpoint in the cell cycle

Answer 37

G1 checkpoint

Question 38

What happens if a cell does not succeed the G1 checkpoint

Answer 38

It enters G0 phase

Question 39

What is the G2 checkpoint

Answer 39

Checkpoint after G1 and before the M checkpoint, checks if the chromosomes have replicated and the DNA is undamaged and MPF is present

Question 40

What does the M phase checkpoint check for

Answer 40

Chromosomes have attached to spindle apparatus, chromosomes have properly segregated and MPF is absent

Question 41

What does the G1 checkpoint look for

Answer 41

Cell size adequate Nutrients are sufficient Social signals are present DNA undamaged

Question 42

M-phase checkpoints occur between

Answer 42

Metaphase and anaphase, and anaphase and telophase

Question 43

The two types of regulatory proteins involved in cell cycle are

Answer 43

Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases CDKs

Question 44

Does cyclins or CDKs fluctuate during the cell cycle

Answer 44

Cyclin

Question 45

What does MPF mean

Answer 45

Mitotic phase promoting factor

Question 46

MPF is a

Answer 46

Cyclin-CDK complex

Question 47

What is density dependent inhibition

Answer 47

An external signal which tells cells to stop dividing

Question 48

What is anchorage dependence

Answer 48

An external signal which requires a cell to be attached to a substratum to divide

Question 49

Does cancer exhibit density dependent inhibition or anchorage dependence

Answer 49

NAH

Question 50

Cancer forms a

Answer 50

Tumor

Question 51

If a tumor stays in one place it is a

Answer 51

Benign tumour

Question 52

What does a malignant tumour do

Answer 52

Invades surrounding tissue and metastasizes

Question 53

What internal signal occurs during the third checkpoint

Answer 53

Until all kinetochores are attached the anaphase-promoting complex is inactive. When everything is attached APC activates and breaks down securin which activates separase which degrades the cohesins which hold the sister chromatins together.

Question 54

What activates APC

Answer 54

The attachment of all kinetochores

Question 55

What does APC do

Answer 55

Breaks down securin

Question 56

What does securin do

Answer 56

Keeps separase inactive until it is broken down

Question 57

What does separase do

Answer 57

Degrades the cohesion proteins