Mitosis and animal development

Question 1

What is the genetic material called during interphase

Answer 1

chromatin

Question 2

when does nuclear membrane start to disintegrate or disappear

Answer 2

prophase

Question 3

chromatin fibers start to appear as coiled, thickened, condensed structure called

Answer 3

chromosome

Question 4

chromosome appear at what stage

Answer 4

prophase

Question 5

structures in interphase

Answer 5

chromatin, nuclear membrane, centrosome

Question 6

when are centrioles seen

Answer 6

prophase

Question 7

when are aster seen

Answer 7

prophase

Question 8

when does mitotic spindle form between centrioles

Answer 8

prophase

Question 9

chromosomes are
aligned at the equatorial region

Answer 9

metaphase

Question 10

chromosomes are joined together at their central region called

Answer 10

centromere

Question 11

protein coat called __ is found in each of the sister chromatid

Answer 11

kinetochore

Question 12

spindle fibers are attached at the __ of each chromosome

Answer 12

centromere

Question 13

anaphase is divided into stages depending on the

Answer 13

distance travelled by the chromatids

Question 14

cleavage furrow

Answer 14

telophase

Question 15

structure at telophase

Answer 15

nuclear membrane and the
nucleolus start to reappear, chromosome uncoil

Question 16

when does aster and mitotic spindle disappear

Answer 16

telophase

Question 17

refers to the evolutionary history of the species

Answer 17

phylogenetic development

Question 18

entire life history
of an organism

Answer 18

ontogenetic development

Question 19

refers to the developing young from a fertilized egg to a form that is structurally similar to, but does not yet precisely
resemble, the adult

Answer 19

embryo

Question 20

major stages of development

Answer 20

zygote, cleavage, blastulation, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

Question 21

involves the union of the sperm and egg
nuclei

Answer 21

fertilization

Question 22

This process restores the chromosome number or diploid number of the organism

Answer 22

fertilization

Question 23

what is the embryo called as result of fertilization

Answer 23

zygote

Question 24

where does fertilization occur in frogs

Answer 24

externally: moist, damp places

Question 25

process of transforming the single celled zygote into a multicellular entity

Answer 25

cleavage

Question 26

This process involves a series of mitotic division, which transforms the zygote to several cleavage cells or blastomeres.

Answer 26

cleavage

Question 27

ball of cells formed as result of mitotic divisions during cleavage is called

Answer 27

morula

Question 28

number of __ determines whether it is in early or late stage of cleavage

Answer 28

blastomeres

Question 29

process that involves an internal secretion of fluid by the blastomeres of the morula

Answer 29

blastulation

Question 30

blastulation results in the formation of a fluid-filled cavity called

Answer 30

blastocoel

Question 31

embryo during blastulation is called

Answer 31

blastula

Question 32

when does endoderm and ectoderm appear

Answer 32

blastulation

Question 33

what happens during blastulation

Answer 33

internal secretion of fluid by blastomeres, emergence of ectoderm and endoderm

Question 34

outer layer of cells formed during blastulation

Answer 34

ectoderm

Question 35

cells surrounding the blastocoel

Answer 35

endoderm

Question 36

stage that involves major cell movements and rearrangements to form the body plan characteristic of a species.

Answer 36

gastrulation

Question 37

major cell movements and rearrangements to form the body plan characteristic of a species is collectively referred to as

Answer 37

morphogenetic movements

Question 38

future digestive tract of the embryo

Answer 38

gastrocoel or archenteron or primitve gut

Question 39

opening leading to the gastrocoel is called

Answer 39

blastopore

Question 40

future function of blastopore in deuterostomes (echinoderms and vertebrates)

Answer 40

anal or cloacal opening

Question 41

future function of blastopore in protostomes (nematodes, mollusks, arthropods)

Answer 41

mouth

Question 42

organ systems/structures derived from the ectoderm

Answer 42

CNS, sense organs, epidermis

Question 43

organ systems/structures derived from the mesoderm

Answer 43

heart, muscles, urogenital system, vertebral column, dermis of the skin

Question 44

organ systems/structures derived from the endoderm

Answer 44

lining of the intestinal tract, lungs

Question 45

foundation of the organ systems of the animal

Answer 45

germ layers

Question 46

formation of different organs

Answer 46

organogenesis

Question 47

one of the organ systems that take shape the earliest

Answer 47

CNS

Question 48

The central nervous system of vertebrates develops from a dorsally situated ectodermal thickening called

Answer 48

neural plate

Question 49

neural plate invaginates to form

Answer 49

neural fold

Question 50

depression formed due to invagination of neural plate

Answer 50

neural groove

Question 51

neural groove eventually develops into hollow

Answer 51

neural tube

Question 52

process involving the development of the CNS is called

Answer 52

neurulation

Question 53

embryo during neurulation is called

Answer 53

neurula

Question 54

embryo gets its nourishment from

Answer 54

yolk

Question 55

frog's egg is ____ type which means it contains moderate amount of yolk

Answer 55

mesolecithal

Question 56

how long does transformation of tadpole to an adult frog occur

Answer 56

2.5 - 3 months

Question 57

process of transformation of tadpole to adult frog

Answer 57

metamorphosis

Question 58

area where the yolky material is concentrated is the

Answer 58

vegetal pole

Question 59

area opposite the vegetal pole is called the

Answer 59

animal pole

Question 60

distribution of yolk in frog is __ type

Answer 60

telolecithal

Question 61

smaller blastomeres are called

Answer 61

micromeres

Question 62

where are micromeres located

Answer 62

animal pole

Question 63

larger blastomeres are called

Answer 63

macromeres

Question 64

why are blastomeres larger in the vegetal pole

Answer 64

rate of cell division is hampered by the presence of yolk

Question 65

where are macromeres located

Answer 65

vegetal pole

Question 66

blastopore is bounded by the

Answer 66

dorsal and ventral lip

Question 67

important events during gastrulation

Answer 67

laying out of archenteron or gastrocoel, establishment of three germ layers

Question 68

serves as the main axial support of vertebrate embryos

Answer 68

notochord

Question 69

precursor of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 69

neural tube

Question 70

cavity immediately below the notochord

Answer 70

archenteron or primitive gut

Question 71

mass of cells lateral to the notochord

Answer 71

mesoderm

Question 72

mesoderm is divided into segments or __

Answer 72

somites

Question 73

most dorsal somite is the

Answer 73

epimere

Question 74

where is epimere situated

Answer 74

level of notochord

Question 75

middle portion of the mesoderm or somite

Answer 75

mesomere

Question 76

origin of the urogenital system (specific)

Answer 76

mesomere

Question 77

ventral most portion of the somite or mesoderm is divided into inner __ and outer __

Answer 77

splanchnic layer, somatic layer

Question 78

cavity is formed between the splanchnic layer and somatic layer which is the future __

Answer 78

coelom or body cavity