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Biology > Mitosis And Cytoconesis > Flashcards

Mitosis And Cytoconesis Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 4 phases of mitosis?

A

1) Prophase
2) metaphase
3) anaphase
4) telophase

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1
Q

How many phases are there in mitosis?

A

4 phases

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2
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

In prophase, chromosomes begin condensing and coiling to form the chromosome structure.

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3
Q

What is the structure of a chromosome?

A

Chromosomes have two identical chromatids attached together at the centromere.

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4
Q

What is a centriole?

A

Centriole is composed of the protein tubulin creating microtubules, and is found in the cytoplasm near the nucleus and begin to separate on opposite sides of the nucleus.

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5
Q

What do centrioles do to the spindle?

A

The centrioles separate the spindle.

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6
Q

What is the spindle composed of?

A

The spindle is composed of tubulin and forms microtubules. The nucleolus disappears the nuclear envelope then begins to disappear.

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7
Q

What is the second phase of mitosis?

A

Metaphase

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8
Q

What to the chromosomes do in metaphase?

A

The chromosomes line up across the middle or equator of the cell. Starlike arrangement of the microtubules from centrioles is called an aster (Greek for star)

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9
Q

What is the Third phase of mitosis?

A

Anaphase

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10
Q

What happens in anaphase

A

The centromere’s split causing the sister chromatids to split into separate chromosomes. the spindle grows longer. anaphase is over when the chromosomes have reached their respective polls and Have stopped moving.

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11
Q

What is The third phase of Mitosis?

A

Chromosomes uncoil and become chromatin. The nuclear envelope speak into reform. Spindle breaks apart. Nucleosis reappear. Once complete it signals the end of mitosis.

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12
Q

What is the result of mitosis?

A

We now have a long so it to nuclei the cell must now divide the actual process of cell division is called cytokinesis

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13
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm into two individual cells with two distinct nuclei. In animal cells the cell begins to pinch in the middle drawering the opposite sides of the cell together in some ultimately to fuse. In plant cells instead of the cell pinching, a cell plate is formed from smaller vesicles of membranes combining with each other.

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14
Q

What happens in mitosis?

A

The cell must duplicate its DNA so that when the cell divides the new cell has all the genetic information it needs. The process involves replicating the DNA and then condensing the chromatin into its specific chromosomes. The duplicated chromosomes must then be evenly distributed into the two cells

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15
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Mitosis is the process whereby the nucleus of the cell divides into two nuclei each with the same number and kinds of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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16
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

Cytokinesis is the process by which the cytoplasm divides thus forming into two distinct cells.

17
Q

What is the phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up in the middle of the nucleus?

A

Metaphase

18
Q

What is the total length of DNA in a chromosome compared to its coiled up condensed?

A

10,000

19
Q

What are the proteins that DNA unwinds around to improve storage?

A

Histones

20
Q

Name one of the two things that effects cell growth in a cell culture

A

Hyperplasia -increase in cell number

Hypertrophy- increase in cell volume

21
Q

The phase of mitosis where chromosomes condense into paired chromatids

A

Prophase

22
Q

The phase of mitosis where the chromatids are pulled apart

A

Anaphase

23
Q

The phase of mitosis where the nuclear membrane 34 and a cell has two nuclei

A

Cytokinesis

24
Q

What is the longest phase of mitosis

A

Prophase

25
Q

What is the shortest phase in mitosis

A

Metaphase

26
Q

What is the type of protein that makes up microtubules?

A

Centrioles are composed of the protein tubulin creating microtubules

27
Q

What is the site where microtubules attached the chromatids?

A

Kinetochore or or centromere

28
Q

the growing microtubules of the spindle apparatus protrude from what structure

A

F

29
Q

The name of the star like structure surrounding the centrioles

A

Aster

30
Q

The proportion of the cell cycle were DNA replication occurs

A

S-phase

31
Q

The process whereby a cell separates into two cells

A

Cytokinesis

32
Q

The specific part of interphase were growth factors influence our application?

A

Hmm

33
Q

G in G1 and G2 stands for what

A

Growth and gap

34
Q

The region where the animal cell pinches to begin the process of creating two new cells

A

Cleavage Furrow

35
Q

The structures separated by the shortening of microtubules of the spindle apparatus

A

Chromatid are chromosomes

36
Q

chromosome one from the mom and chromosome one from the dad

A

Homologous

37
Q

The drug that is used to harvest chromosomes for a karyotype

A

colchicine

38
Q

The phase of the cell cycle where culture scene is administered

A

Metaphase

39
Q

Each chromatid in a pair is exactly the same

A

Sister chromatids

40
Q

Skin liver and heart cell

A

Somatic cells

Biology (8 decks)

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