MLA - Other

Question 1

How to calculate specificity

Answer 1

Specificity = TN / (TN + FP)

Question 2

How to calculate sensitivity

Answer 2

Sensitivity = TP / (TP + FN)

Question 3

How to calculate positive predictive value

Answer 3

PPV = TP / (TP + FP)

Question 4

What does a PET scan demonstrate?

Answer 4

Glucose uptake

Question 5

What is phase 0 of a clinical trial used for?

Answer 5

First in-human
Used to assess pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers (usually at a low dose)

Question 6

What is phase 1 of a clinical trial used for?

Answer 6

Assessing safety of new drug in healthy individuals

Question 7

What is phase 2 of a clinical trial used for?

Answer 7

Assessing safety of new drug in affected patient group

Question 8

What is phase 3 of a clinical trial used for?

Answer 8

Larger participant groups including various backgrounds
Direct comparison between control groups

Question 9

What is phase 4 of a clinical trial used for?

Answer 9

Post-marketing surveillance studies after approval for use on the market

Question 10

How to calculate number needed to treat

Answer 10

1 / ARR (x100)
(ARR = Event rate in control - treatment)

Question 11

What type of graph is good for showing publication bias?

Answer 11

Funnel plot