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Mycology and Virology > MLS 314 Cutaneous mycoses > Flashcards

MLS 314 Cutaneous mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

Involves deeper layers of the skin

A

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES

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2
Q

→ moderate to intense inflammatory reaction

A

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES

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3
Q

2 Types of CUTANEOUS MYCOSES

A
  1. Dermatomycoses
  2. Dermatophytoses
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4
Q
  • Caused by fungi other than the dermatophytes
A

Dermatomycoses

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5
Q

Involves only the skin

A

Dermatomycoses

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6
Q

Caused by dermatophytes

A

Dermatophytoses

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7
Q

“True cutaneous mycoses”

A

Dermatophytoses

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8
Q

May involve the skin, hair, & nails

A

Dermatophytoses

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9
Q
  • Other names
    o “Buni”
    o Ringworm
    o Tinea
A

DERMATOPHYTOSES

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10
Q

Characteristic lesion: Circular & expanding inflammatory region

A

DERMATOPHYTOSES

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11
Q
  • Causative agent: Dermatophytes
    o “Plants of the skin”
    o Keratinophilic fungi: Production of keratinase
A

DERMATOPHYTOSES

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12
Q

Arthroderma (Nannizia)
Skin and hair

A

Microsporum

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13
Q

Arthroderma
Skin, hair, and nails

A

Trichophyton

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14
Q

None
Skin and nails

A

Epidermophyton

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15
Q

Microsporum audouinii
Trichophyton mentagrophytes var interdigitale
Trichophyton rubrum
Trichophyton tonsurans
Trichophyton concentricum
Trichophyton schoenleinii
Trichophyton violaceum
Epidermophyton floccosum

A

Anthropophilic

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16
Q

Microsporum canis
Trichophyton mentagrophytes var mentagrophytes
Trichophyton verrucosum

A

Zoophilic

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17
Q

Microsporum gypseum

A

Geophilic

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18
Q

2 Clinical classification of DERMATOPHYTOSES:

A
  1. Skin and Nail Infections
  2. Hair Infection Types
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19
Q

▪ Trunk and limbs; Shoulder, neck region, and arms

A

Tinea corporis

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20
Q

▪ Causative agents: M. canis, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. tonsurans

A

Tinea corporis

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21
Q

▪ Areas adjacent to scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes

A

Tinea capitis

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22
Q

▪ Causative agents: Microsporum, Trichophyton

A

Tinea capitis

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23
Q

▪ “Barber’s itch”

A

Tinea barbae

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24
Q

▪ Bearded area, neck

A

Tinea barbae

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25
Q

▪ Causative agents: T. mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, T. schoenleinii

A

Tinea barbae

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26
Q

▪ “Jock Itch”

A

Tinea cruris

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27
Q

▪ Groin, inner thighs, buttocks

A

Tinea cruris

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28
Q

▪ Causative agents: T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, E. floccosum

A

Tinea cruris

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29
Q

▪ Feet ; “Athlete’s foot”

A

Tinea pedis

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30
Q

▪ Causative agents: T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes var interdigitale, E. floccosum

A

Tinea pedis

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31
Q

▪ Hands

A

Tinea manuum

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32
Q

▪ Causative agents: M. canis, T. mentagrophytes var interdigitale, T. rubrum, T. tonsurans

A

Tinea manuum

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33
Q

Onychomycosis

A

Tinea unguium

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34
Q

▪ Nails

A

Tinea unguium

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35
Q

▪ Causative agents: T. mentagrophytes , T. rubrum, T. schoenleinii, T. violaceum, E. floccosum

A

Tinea unguium

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36
Q

▪ Specialized form of tinea corporis

A

Tinea imbricata

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37
Q

▪ Ring-like growth in overlapping patterns/ circles

A

Tinea imbricata

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38
Q

▪ Causative agents: T. concentricum

A

Tinea imbricata

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39
Q

▪ Growth of fungal elements on the outer part of the hair shaft

A

Ectothrix infection

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40
Q

▪ Causative agents
o Trichophyton mentagrophytes
o Trichophyton verrucosum
o Microsporum audouinii

A

Ectothrix infection

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41
Q

▪ Hyphae → fragment to individual cells → development of arthroconidia

A

Ectothrix infection

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42
Q

▪ Can destroy hair cuticle

A

Ectothrix infection

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43
Q

▪ M. audouinii: Hair becomes gray on color and breaks off → grayish patch in the scalp → “GRAY-PATCH” Tinea capitis

A

Ectothrix infection

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44
Q

▪ Causative agents
o Trichophyton tonsurans
o Trichophyton violaceum

A

Endothrix

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45
Q

▪ Growth of fungal elements inside the hair shaft

A

Endothrix

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46
Q

▪ Development of arthroconidia; Does not usually destroy the cuticle

A

Endothrix

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47
Q

▪ Hair becomes brittle → breaks off just above the surface of the scalp → “BLACK DOT” Tinea capitis

A

Endothrix

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48
Q

▪ Causative agent: T. schoenleinii

A

Favic type

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49
Q

▪ Hyphae within the hair shaft → growth of hyphae parallel to the hair shaft→ degeneration of hyphae → tunnels within hair shaft

A

Favic type

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50
Q

▪ No development of arthroconidia

A

Favic type

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51
Q

▪ Severe form: Scutula
o Yellowish, circular lesions with a characteristic “mousy” odor

A

Favic type

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52
Q

▪ Hypersensitivity reaction to dermatophytic infection elsewhere in the body

A

Dermatophytid reaction

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53
Q

Specimens of CUTANEOUS MYCOSES

A

▪ Skin scrapings
▪ Hair
▪ Nail clippings

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54
Q

Exposure to Wood’s Light

A

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES

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55
Q
  • Hyphae
    o Small: 2-3 microns
    o Hyaline, septate, branching
A

KOH Preparation

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56
Q
  • Presence of arthroconidia: Endothrix and ectothrix infection vs Faciv type
A

KOH Preparation

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57
Q
  • Branching, sometimes fluorescing hyphae
A

Calcofluor white staining

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58
Q
  • Disadvantage of not being able to inhibit growth of saprophytic fungi
A

Nonselective SDA

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59
Q
  • Incubation: 25-300C for 1-3 weeks
A

Nonselective SDA

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60
Q
  • Selective SDA
A

Mycosel/ Mycobiotic

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61
Q
  • Incorporation of antimicrobial agents
A

Mycosel/ Mycobiotic

62
Q
  • Incubation: 25-300C for 1-3 weeks
A

Mycosel/ Mycobiotic

63
Q

2 antimicrobial agents

A

Chloramphenicol
Cycloheximide

64
Q

: Inhibits growth of bacteria

A

Chloramphenicol

65
Q

: Inhibits growth of saprophytic fungi

A

Cycloheximide

66
Q

2 Dermatophyte test medium

A

Selective for dermatophytes
Differential for dermatophytes

67
Q

o Incorporation of cycloheximide, chlortetracycline, and gentamicin

A

Selective for dermatophytes

68
Q

o Incorporation of phenol red: Dermatophytes →alkaline products → reddish discoloration of agar

A

Differential for dermatophytes

69
Q

2 Clues for Identification

A

i. Colonial characteristics
ii. Microscopic characteristics

70
Q

▪ Growth rate

A

Colonial characteristics

71
Q

▪ Pigmentation
o Obverse side
o Reverse side

A

Colonial characteristics

72
Q

▪ Texture and topography

A

Colonial characteristics

73
Q

▪ Conidiation
o Macroconidia
o Microconidia

A

Microscopic characteristics

74
Q

Anthropophilic

A

Microsporum audouinii
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Type II Trichophyton mentagrophytes var interdigitale
Trichophyton rubrum
Trichophyton tonsurans
Trichophyton concentricum
Trichophyton schoenleinii
Trichophyton violaceum
Epidermophyton floccosum

75
Q

Zoophilic

A

Microsporum canis
Trichophyton mentagrophytes Type I
Trichophyton mentagrophytes var mentagrophytes
Trichophyton verrucosum

76
Q

Geophilic

A

Microsporum gypseum

77
Q

Intermediate to slow growth

A

Microsporum audouinii
Trichophyton tonsurans

78
Q

Rapid growth

A

Microsporum canis
Microsporum gypseum

79
Q

Intermediate growth

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes Type I
Trichophyton mentagrophytes var mentagrophytes
Trichophyton mentagrophytes Type II
Trichophyton mentagrophytes var interdigitale
Epidermophyton floccosum

80
Q

Slow growth

A

Trichophyton rubrum
Trichophyton concentricum
Trichophyton schoenleinii
Trichophyton violaceum

81
Q

Slow growth
Improved at 370C

A

Trichophyton verrucosum

82
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: Light
Reverse: Pale salmon to pale brownish

A

Microsporum audouinii

83
Q

Flat and velvety

A

Microsporum audouinii

84
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: White to buff
Reverse: Yellow (rarely pale)

A

Microsporum canis

85
Q

Cottony to granular

A

Microsporum canis

86
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: cinnamon-colored
Reverse: light tan

A

Microsporum gypseum

87
Q

Flat and granular

A

Microsporum gypseum

88
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: yellow cream to buff or white
Reverse: pale to red brown

A
89
Q

Flat and granular to powdery

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Type I

Trichophyton mentagrophytes
var mentagrophytes

90
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: yellow cream to buff or white
Reverse: pale to red brown

A
91
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: yellow cream to buff or white
Reverse: pale to red brown

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Type II

Trichophyton mentagrophytes
var interdigitale

92
Q

Flat and powdery to cottony

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Type II

Trichophyton mentagrophytes
var interdigitale

93
Q

Type I

Pigmentation:
Obverse: White to reddish
Reverse: Wine-red (occasionally yellow)

A

Trichophyton rubrum

94
Q

Type I

Cottony to velvety

A

Trichophyton rubrum

94
Q

Type I

Cottony to velvety

A

Trichophyton rubrum

95
Q

Type II
Pigmentation:
Obverse: cream to deep red
Reverse: wine-red

A

Trichophyton rubrum

96
Q

Type II
Powdery to low velvety

A

Trichophyton rubrum

97
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: yellow
Reverse: yellow-brown to
chestnut-red-brown

A

Trichophyton tonsurans

98
Q

Flat and velvety to powdery

A

Trichophyton tonsurans

99
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: white that becomes
honey-brown
Reverse: yellow

A

Trichophyton concentricum

100
Q

Folded and furrowed

A

Trichophyton concentricum

101
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: white or cream
Reverse: colorless or salmon

A

Trichophyton verrucosum

102
Q

Commonly small
Convoluted with raised center and flat
periphery
Submerged growth
Glabrous to slightly velvety

A

Trichophyton verrucosum

103
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: white to tan
Reverse: colorless or light yellow

A
104
Q

Convoluted to folded and glabrous to slightly velvety

A

Trichophyton schoenleinii

105
Q

Often submerged into the surrounding medium

A

Trichophyton schoenleinii

106
Q

“Mousy” odor typically develops in cultures

A

Trichophyton schoenleinii

107
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse & reverse: Initially cream then becoming lavender or purple

A

Trichophyton violaceum

108
Q

Verrucose and glabrous

A

Trichophyton violaceum

109
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: White that tends to turn khaki green-brown, center is folded
Reverse: Yellow-brown with observable folds

A

Epidermophyton floccosum

110
Q

Flat, slightly granular at first

A

Epidermophyton floccosum

111
Q

Conidia: Absent, bizarre if present

A

Microsporum audouinii

112
Q

Hyphae: Atypical vegetative pectinate hyphae with terminal chlamydospores

A

Microsporum audouinii

113
Q

Macroconidia: 6-15 cells; Assymetrical beak
apex; Abundant, spindle-shaped with thick,
rough walls

A

Microsporum canis

114
Q

Microconidia: Clavate or pyriform, laterally
attached to hyphae

A

Microsporum canis

115
Q

Hyphae: Hyaline, septate, branching

A

Microsporum canis

116
Q

Macroconidia: 3-9 celled, broadly spindleshaped, rough-walled; Terminal ends may be
rounded

A

Microsporum gypseum

117
Q

Microconidia: If present, single or in small
clusters

A

Microsporum gypseum

118
Q

More conidia when compared to Type II

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes Type I
Trichophyton mentagrophytes var mentagrophytes

119
Q

Macroconidia: uncommon, cigar-or pencilshaped with thin, smooth walls, 3-6 cells

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes Type I
Trichophyton mentagrophytes var mentagrophytes

120
Q

Microconidia:
Type I: Unicellular, arranged singly along the
hyphae on short pedicles or “en grappe”

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes Type I
Trichophyton mentagrophytes var mentagrophytes
Trichophyton mentagrophytes Type II
Trichophyton mentagrophytes var interdigitale

121
Q

Type II: Clavate or pyriform-shaped arranged
singly in sleeves en thryses along the hyphae
by pedicles

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes Type I
Trichophyton mentagrophytes var mentagrophytes
Trichophyton mentagrophytes Type II
Trichophyton mentagrophytes var interdigitale

122
Q

Hyphae: Hyaline, septate, and branched; spiral
form in 30% of isolates

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes Type I
Trichophyton mentagrophytes var mentagrophytes
Trichophyton mentagrophytes Type II
Trichophyton mentagrophytes var interdigitale

123
Q

More conidia in Type II than in Type I

A

Trichophyton rubrum

124
Q

Macroconidia are few, smooth-walled, pencilshaped, attached directly to the hyphae

A

Trichophyton rubrum

125
Q

Microconidia are tear-shaped, single, and
lateral along the hyphae

A

Trichophyton rubrum

126
Q

Abundant wine-red, water-soluble pigment

A

Trichophyton rubrum

127
Q

Macroconidia are absent or rare, distorted

A
128
Q

Many microconidia of various size and shapes with flattened base

“Balloon forms” – aged pleomorphic microconidia

A

Trichophyton tonsurans

129
Q

Macroconidia and microconidia are rare

A

Trichophyton concentricum

130
Q

Masses of tangled hyphae, presence of chlamydospores

A

Trichophyton concentricum

131
Q

Macroconidia are rare, 3-5 cells, thin-walled, “RAT-TAIL”

A

Trichophyton verrucosum

132
Q

Microconidia are large, clavate, and lateral

A

Trichophyton verrucosum

133
Q

No conidia produced

A
134
Q

Hyphae:
Hyaline and septate
“Favic chandeliers”, “antlers”, or
“nailhead”

A

Trichophyton schoenleinii

134
Q

Hyphae:
Hyaline and septate
“Favic chandeliers”, “antlers”, or
“nailhead”

A

Trichophyton schoenleinii

135
Q

Absent conidia

A

Trichophyton violaceum

136
Q

Swollen hyphae containing cytoplasmic granules

A

Trichophyton violaceum

137
Q

Macroconidia:
“Snowshoes”, “paddles”, or “beaver’s tail”

Large, multicelled, club-shaped, smooth-walled macroconidia, single or in clusters of 2-3

Microconidia is not formed

A

Epidermophyton floccosum A

138
Q

Physiological tests

A

a. Polished rice test
b. Hair perforation test
c. Urease test
d. Growth factor test

139
Q

a. Polished rice test
(+)
(-)

A

(+) M. canis
(-) M. audouinii

140
Q

b. Hair perforation test
(+)
(-)

A

(+) T. mentagrophytes
o M. canis
o M. gypseum
o T. tonsurans
o T. violaceum
(-) T. rubrum

141
Q

c. Urease test
(+)
(-)

A

(+) T. mentagrophytes
(-) T. rubrum

142
Q

d. Growth factor test
(+)
(-)

A

(+) T. verrucosum
(-) T. violaceum

143
Q

b. Hair perforation test
(+)
(-)

A

(+) Wedge-shaped perforation into the hair
(-) No perforation

144
Q

c. Urease test
(+)
(-)

A

(+) Red to purple color in less than 4 days of incubation
(-) No color change

145
Q

d. Growth factor test
(+) T. verrucosum
(-) T. violaceum

A

(+) Positive growth in the presence of inositol
(-) Positive growth in the presence of inositol & thiamine

146
Q

Polished rice test
- Procedure:
o Medium: (?)
o Transfer colonies from (?)
o Incubation:
(?)
(?)
(?)

A

Rice grains with distilled H2O
primary isolation medium

▪ Room temperature
▪ 6-10 days
▪ 25-300C

147
Q

Hair perforation test
Procedure:
o Culture medium: (?)
o Add (?)
o Juvenile hair (?(
o Incubate up to (?)

A

Yeast extract in distilled water
strands of hair
(< 1 cm)
4 weeks at room temperature

148
Q

Urease test Culture medium:

A

o Christensen’s agar
o Stuart’s broth

149
Q

Growth factor test
Casamino acid agar/ Trichophyton agar

A

o Nicotinic acid
o L-Histidine
o Growth factors
▪ Thiamine
▪ Inositol

Mycology and Virology (20 decks)

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