MND Flashcards
(21 cards)
Which part of the CNS is affected
spinal cord and brain
Which neurons are effected
Motor
Limb muscles and bulbar muscles (speaking, swallowing, chewing)
This also affects the sensory function - T or F
False
Sensory function remains unaffected
It is a common condition - T or F
False
Which gender is it common in
Males
Low levels of physical activity is a risk factor
False
High physical activities is a risk factor
Other risk factors
• head injury
Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is the most. I’m non type - what’s inloved in its mechanism of cells death
Excitotxicty - excessive stimulation of glutamate
Does ALS affect the upper or lower neurons
Both
Features if MND?
• asymmetrical
• muscle wastage - twitching and cramping
• bulbar symptoms- difficulty speaking
• respiratory problems
Tests for diagnosis
• EMG
• bloods: FBC, Us&Es, folate, b12
• MRI
Non pharmacological management
Nutrition
Psychosocial support
Physiotherapy
Which drug I the only licenced drug in the UK for MND particular for ALS
Can be used in other types of MND
Riluzole
Moa
Glutamate antagonist
Inhibits NA+ channels - inhibiting glutamate release
Promotes reuptake of glutamate
Can help delay ventilate support
Can it help with muscle strength
NO
ARDs
Bone marrow suppression
Nausea
Diorrhea
How can muscle cramps be treated
1st - quinine
2nd baclofen
How can muscle stiffness and spasticity be treated
Baclofen
Management of saliva problems? (Excessive drooling)
Glycoppyrronium
Or botulinum toxin type A
Management of thick saliva
Humidification or carbocisteine
How can breathless be managed
Opioids - morphine
BZDs
REMEMBER
No sensory symptoms
Limb features are the most common
Diagnosis - neurologist
