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Mollie's P2a > Mnemonics > Flashcards

Mnemonics Flashcards

1
Q

use of “DUMBELS”?

A

adverse effects of muscarinic agonists

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2
Q

adverse effects of muscarinic agonists?

A

“DUMBELS”
Diarrhoea
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation / Sweating

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3
Q

use of “ABCDEF”? (pharmacology)

A

adverse drug reactions (ADRs)

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4
Q

adverse drug reactions (ADRs)?

A

“ABCDEF”
Augmented
Bizarre
Chronic
Delayed
End of use
Failure

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5
Q

use of “HAPP-H”

A

DNA viruses

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6
Q

DNA viruses?

A

“HAPP-H”
Herpes viridae
Adenovirus
Parvoviridae
Papoviridae
Hepaviridae

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7
Q

use of “KEEPS”?

A

UTI microorganisms

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8
Q

UTI microorganisms?

A

“KEEPS”
Klebsiella
E.coli (UPEC, uropathogenic E.coli)
Enterococcus
Proteus
Staph saphrotyicus

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9
Q

use of “Sexy Students Can Look Bad Come-morning”?

A

gram positive bacteria

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10
Q

gram positive bacteria?

A

“Sexy Students Can Look Bad Come-morning”
Strep
Staph
Corynebacterium
Listeria
Bacillus
Clostridium

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11
Q

use of “Huge Vaginas Can Never Provide Pleasure”?

A

gram negative bacteria

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12
Q

gram negative bacteria?

A

“Huge Vaginas Can Never Provide Pleasure”
Helicobacter
Vibrio cholera
Coliforms
Neisseria
Parvobacteria
Pseudomonas

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13
Q

use of “BRADYCARDIC”?

A

hypothyroidism symptoms

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14
Q

hypothyroidism symptoms?

A

“BRADYCARDIC”
Bradycardia
Reflexes relax slowly
Ataxia (cerebellar)
Dry, thin hair/nails/skin
Yawning (drowsy/coma)
Cold hands
Ascites
Round puffy face
Defeated demeanor
Immobile / Ileus (no peristalsis)
Cardiac failure

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15
Q

use of “SPASMODIC”?

A

hypoparathyroidism (+ hypocalcemia) symptoms

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16
Q

hypoparathyroidism (+ hypocalcemia) symptoms

A

“SPASMODIC”
Spasms (“trousseau’s sign”)
Perioral paraesthesia
Anxious (+ irritable + irrational)
Seizures
Muscle tone increases in smooth muscles (–> wheeze)
Orientation impaired
Dermatitis
Impetigo herpetiformis (low calcium + pustules in pregnancy)
Chvostek’s sign / Cataracts / Cardiomyopathy

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17
Q

use of “bones, stones, moans, groans”?

A

hyperparathyroidism (+ hypercalcemia) symptoms

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18
Q

hyperparathyroid (+ hypercalcemia) symptoms?

A

“Bones, stones, moans, groans”
Bones - fractures, osteoporosis
Stones - kidney
Moans - abdo pain, constipation
Groans - confusion, depression, etc

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19
Q

use of “EXPLAIN”?

A

causes of hypoglycemia in non-diabetics

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20
Q

causes of hypoglycemia in non-diabetics?

A

“EXPLAIN”
Exogenous drugs (e.g. insulin, oral hypoglycemia)
X
Pituitary insufficiency
Liver failure
Addison’s disease
Islet’s cell tumour / Immune hypoglycemia
Non-pancreatic neoplasm (e.g. fibrosarcoma)

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21
Q

use of “A, B, C, BuDDy, E”?

A

summary of viral hepatitis

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22
Q

summary of viral hepatitis?

A

“A, B, C, BuDDy, E”
A - Acquired by mouth from Anus, Always cleared Acutely, Appears only once
B - Blood-Borne, if not Beaten is Bad
C - usually Chronic but Curable at a Cost
BuDDy - HDV only occurs with HBV
E - Even in England, Eaten (in pigs) if not always beaten

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23
Q

use of “ABC”? (GI + liver)

A

when to consider IBS

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24
Q

when to consider IBS?

A

“ABC”
Abdo pain/discmofort
Bloating
Changed bowel habit

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25
use of "5 Fs"?
risk factors for gallstones
26
risk factors for gallstones?
"6 Fs" Female Forty (yrs) Fat Fertile (pregnant) Fair FHx
27
use of "I GET SMASHED"?
potential causes of acute pancreatitis
28
potential causes of acute pancreatitis?
" I GET SMASHED" Idiopathic Gallstones (1st most common) Ethanol (2nd most common) Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune Scorpion venom Hyperlipidaemia ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography) Drug (e.g. diuretics, NSAIDs, ACEi)
29
use of "spikey old CRAB"?
classic features of multiple myeloma
30
classic features of multiple myeloma?
"spikey old CRAB" spikey - M spike (paraprotein) old - elderly Calcium raised Renal failure (Ig deposits in kidneys) Anaemia Bone lytic lesions
31
use of "ABVD"?
chemo for Hodgkin's lymphoma
32
chemo for Hodgkin's lymphoma?
"ABVD" Adriamycin Bleomycin Vinblastine Dacarbazine
33
use of "R-CHOP"?
chemo for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
34
chemo for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
"R-CHOP" Rituximab (targets CD20 on B cells) Cyclophosphamide Hydroxydaunorubicin Oncovin (aka vincristine) Prednisolone
35
use of "RUSHES"?
indications for surgery for LUTS
36
indications for surgery for LUTS?
"RUSHES" Retention UTIs Stones Haematuria Elevated creatinine (due to bladder outflow obstruction) Symptoms deteriorate
37
use of "MONA"?
treatment for ACS (acute coronary syndrome)
38
treatment for ACS (acute coronary syndrome)?
"MONA" Morphine Oxygen Nitrogen (GTN spray) Aspirin
39
use of "6Ps"?
symptoms of PVD (peripheral vascular disease)
40
symptoms of PVD (peripheral vascular disease)?
"6Ps" Pain Pallor Paralysis Paraesthesia Pulseless Perishing cold
41
use of"ABCDE"? (cardio)
CXR findings for heart failure
42
CXR findings for heart failure?
"ABCDE" Alveolar oedema ("bat wings") B lines ("Kerley") Cardiomegaly Dilated upper lobe vessels Effusion (pleural)
43
use of "DARTH VADER"?
MI (myocardial infarction) complications
44
MI (myocardial infarction) complications?
"DARTH VADER" Death Arrhythmia Rupture Tamponade Heart failure Valve disease Aneurysm of ventricle Dressler's syndrome Embolism Recurrence
45
use of "ARMS"? (cardio)
heart sounds for a diastolic murmur
46
heart sounds for a diastolic murmur?
"ARMS" AR = aortic regurgitation MS = mitral stenosis (Remember, "di" from diastolic = you have 2 "ARMS"
47
use of "ASMR"? (cardio)
heart sounds for a systolic murmur
48
heart sounds for a systolic murmur?
"ASMR" AS = aortic stenosis MR = mitral regurgitation
49
use of "SPINEACHE"?
symptoms of spondyloarthropathies/ SpA (e.g. psoriatic/reactive/enteric arthtitis, AS)
50
symptoms of spondyloarthropathies/SpA (e.g. psoriatic/reactive/enteric arthritis, AS)?
"SPINEACHE" Sausage digits (dactylitis) Psoriasis Inflammatory back pain NSAID good response Enthesitis (esp. in heel --> plantar fascitis) Arthritis Crohn's / Colitis / CRP raised HLA-B27 Eyes (uveitis)
51
use of "can't wee, can't see, can't climb a tree"?
signs of reactive arthritis
52
signs of reactive arthritis?
"can't wee, can't see, can't climb a tree" Can't wee - circinate balanitis Can't see - acute anterior uveitis Can't climb a tree - enthesitis
53
use of "BT KLP"?
cancers that metastasise to bone
54
cancers that metastasise to bone?
"BT KLP" Breast Thyroid Kidney Lung Prostate
55
use of "CLOT"?
effects of aPL (antiphospholipid syndrome)
56
effects of apL (antiphospholipid syndrome)?
"CLOT" Coagulation defect Livedo reticularis Obstetric issues Thrombocytopenia
57
use of "LOSS"?
X-ray findings for osteoarthritis
58
X-ray findings for osteoarthritis?
"LOSS" Loss of joint space Osteophytes Subarticular sclerosis Subarticular cysts
59
use of "CREST"?
signs of scleroderma (/systemic sclerosis)
60
signs of scleroderma (/systemic sclerosis)?
"CREST" Calcinosis Raynaud's Eosophageal dysmotility/strictures Sclerodactyly Telangiectasia
61
use of "SHATTERED"?
risk factors for osteoporosis
62
risk factors for osteoporosis?
"SHATTERED" Steroid use (+ heparin + PPIs) Hyperthyroidism / Hyperparathyroidism (also Cushing's) Alcohol (+ tobacco) Testosterone decreased Thin (BMI <22) Early menopause Renal/liver failure Erosive bone disease (e.g. RA) Dietary Ca decrease/malabsorption / DM (T1)
63
use of "SLUD"?
symptoms of OP (organophosporous) insecticide overdose
64
symptoms of OP (organophosphate) insecticide overdose?
"SLUD" Salivation Lacrimation (tears) Urination Diarrhoea
65
use of "FAST"?
symptoms of stroke
66
symptoms of stroke?
"FAST" Face weakness Arm weakness Slurred speech Time (to call 999)
67
use of "CHOCOLATE"?
migraine triggers
68
migraine triggers?
"CHOCOLATE" Chocolate Hangover Orgasm Cheese OCP Lie-in Alcohol Tumult (loud noise) Exercise
69
use of "ABCDE"? (neuro)
causes of peripheral neuropathy
70
causes of peripheral neuropathy?
"ABCDE" Alcohol B12 deficiency Cancer / CKD Diabetes / Drugs (i.e. "MANIC PVC")
71
use of "MANIC PVC"?
drugs causing peripheral neuropathy
72
drugs causing peripheral neuropathy?
"MANIC PVC" Metronidazole Amiodarone Nitrofurantoin Isoniazid Cisplatin Phenytoin Vinca alkaloids (i.e. cancer Tx) Ciprofloxacin
73
use of "WARDS PLC"?
causes of mononeuritis multiplex
74
causes of mononeuritis multiplex?
"WARDS PLC" Wegener's granulomatosis AIDS / Amyloidosis RA DM Sarcoidosis Polyarteritis nodosa Leprosy Carcinoma
75
use of "LLOAF"?
muscles supplied by median nerve (C6-T1) + affected in CTS
76
muscles supplied by median nerve (C6-T1) + affecetd in CTS?
"LLOAF" Lumbrical (lateral) Lumbrical (lateral) Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis
77
use of "BEST"?
muscles supplied by radial nerve (C5-T1) + affected in wrist drop?
78
muscles supplied by radial nerve (C5-T1) + affected in wrist drop?
"BEST" Brachioradialis Extensors Supinator Triceps
79
use of "CURB-65"?
pneumonia (CAP) severity assessment
80
pneumonia (CAP) severity assessment?
"CURB-65" Confusion Urea >7 mmol/L RR >30 mins BP <90 mmHg systolic or <60 mmHg diastolic >65 yrs 1 point for each: 0-1 = mild 2 = moderate; admit to hospital 3 = severe; admit to hospital 4-5 = admit to critical care unit
81
use of "RIPE"?
treatment for tuberculosis?
82
treatment for tuberculosis?
"RIPE" Rifampicin (6) Isoniazid (6) Pyrazinamide (2) --> w/ PYRIDOXINE to minimise neuropathy Ethambutol (2) 12 months Tx (instead of 6) in CNS TB
83
use of "TAILS"?
causes of microcytic anaemia
84
causes of microcytic anaemia?
"TAILS" Thalassaemia Anaemia of chronic disease Iron deficiency Lead poisoning Sideroblastic
85
use of "FODMAP"?
recommended diet for IBS
86
recommended diet for IBS?
"FODMAP" Fermentable Oligosaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides And Polyols
87
use of "AACD"? (cardio)
HTN Tx for <55 yrs + non-Afro-Caribbeans
88
HTN Tx for <55 yrs + non-Afro-Caribbeans?
"AACD" ACEi/ARB + CCB + DIURETIC (thiazide) (+ beta-blocker)
89
use of "ECF"? (GI)
chemo for gastric cancer
90
chemo for gastric cancer?
"ECF" Epirubicin Cisplatin 5-Fluorouracil
91
use of "M-VAC"? (renal + urog)
chemo for muscle-invasive bladder cancer
92
chemo for muscle-invasive bladder cancer?
"M-VAC" Methotrexate Vinblastine Adriamycin Cisplatin
93
use of "6 D's"?
causes of Fe deficiency anaemia
94
causes of Fe deficiency anaemia?
"6 D's" Diet = lacking iron Decreased absorption = diarrhoea, coeliac Drugs = aspirin, NSAIDs Donating blood (/ excess venesection) Drain (blood loss) = menorrhagia, GI bleeding, HOOKWORM!!! Demands increased = growth, pregnancy
95
use of "DASHING"?
symptoms of damaged cerebellum
96
symptoms of damaged cerebellum?
"DASHING" Dysdiadochokinesis Ataxia Slurred speech Hypotonia Intention tremor Nystagmus Gait abnormality
97
use of "DAAMN"?
drugs to stop in AKI
98
drugs to stop in AKI?
“DAAMN” Diuretics ACEi / ARB Aminoglycosides Metformin NSAID
99
use of "SMITH"?
common causes of AF
100
common causes of AF?
"SMITH" Sepsis Mitral valve pathology IHD Thyrotoxicosis HTN
101
use of "ABAL"?
1st line HF Tx
102
1st line HF Tx?
"ABAL" ACEi Beta-blocker Aldosterone antagonist Loop diuretic
103
use of "ROPE"?
causes of secondary HTN
104
causes of secondary HTN?
"ROPE" Renal disease Obesity Pregnancy Endocrine
105
use of crows "NESTS"?
features of Crohn's
106
features of Crohn's?
crows "NESTS" No blood/mucus (less common) Entire GI tract Skip lesions Terminal ileum (mostly) / Transmural Smoking RFx (don't set nest on fire)
107
use of "CLOSE UP"?
features of UC
108
features of UC?
"CLOSE UP" Continuous Limited to colon + rectum Only superficial mucosa Smoking is protective Excrete blood/mucus Use aminosalicylates PSC
109
use of "CRS"?
CYP450 inducers (i.e. reduce effect of drug)
110
CYP450 inducers (i.e. reduce effect of drug)?
"CRS" Carbamazepine Rifampicin Sulfonylureas
111
use of "VICO"?
CYP450 inhibitors (i.e. increase effect of drug)
112
CYP450 inhibitors (i.e. increase effect of drug)?
"VICO" Valproate Isoniazid Ciprofloxacin Omeprazole
113
use of "O SHIT ME"?
acute asthma Tx
114
acute asthma Tx?
"O SHIT ME" Oxygen SABA Hydrocortisone Ipratropium bromide (SAMA) Theophyline Mg sulfate Escalate

Mollie's P2a (18 decks)

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