MOA Flashcards
(154 cards)
1
Q
USED IN T1DM AND T2DM to regulate postprandial glucose
A
pramlintide
2
Q
rapidly contracts the uterine smooth muscle through activation of serotonin and alpha adrenergic receptors to
deliver the placenta AFTER LABOR IS OVER!!!!
(will abort the baby if given during labor)
A
ergonovine maleate
methylergonovine maleate
3
Q
when giving glucocorticoids what type of dose do you start with
A
high dose then taper down to lowest effective dose
4
Q
repaglinide, nateglinide (meglitinides)
A
NOT a sulfa drug, these that close the K channel, depolarize the membrane, and cause insulin to be exocytosed
5
Q
rhPTH (1-84)
A
recombinant PTH that binds to receptor to stimulate the RANK ligand to cause
OSTEOCLASTIC and BLASTIC activity
used in tx of hypOparathyroidism
6
Q
tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, tolazamide
A
1st gen sulfonylureas that close the K channel, depolarize the membrane, and cause insulin to be exocytosed
7
Q
calcitonin
A
inhibits bone resporption of Ca and phos by osteoclasts
antagonizes the actions of PTH
8
Q
acarbose and miglitol
A
alpha glucosidase inhibitors that delay CHO digestion and decrease intestinal glucose absorption
9
Q
androgen receptor antagonists
reduce male sex accessory organ function
A
flutamide
bicalutamide
nilutamide
10
Q
inhibits bone resporption of Ca and phos by osteoclasts
antagonizes the actions of PTH
A
calcitonin
11
Q
DPP-4 inhibitors that inhibit the the enzyme that degrades GLP-1 (increasing insulin secretion)
A
“gliptins”
12
Q
hMG
A
used for FSH properties
** develops the ovarian follicles and stimulates estrogen **
** stimulates spermatogenesis **
(also has LH but FYI)
13
Q
in ART
what are females given to ensure the transfer of the embryo
A
progesterone
14
Q
iodide
A
rapidly decreases the synthesis and release of T3 and T4 for a short term effect
15
Q
short term (1-2 week) tx with glucocorticoids does what to the HPA axis
A
not likely to cause the life threatening adrenal insufficiency problems
16
Q
exemestane
A
irreversible inhibitor of aromatase (enzyme in the final step in estrogen synthesis)
DOC for breast CA tx of POST menopausal women
17
Q
nifedipine
A
stops uterus smooth muscle contractions (CCB)
prevents early labor
18
Q
works on OT receptors in the uterus to
induce labor (DOC)
prevent hemorrhage
stimulate milk let down reflex
A
oxytocin
19
Q
spironolactone
A
mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
20
Q
“gliflozin”
A
SGLT-2 inhibitors that inhibit the Na-glucose co-transporter in the kideny
21
Q
bromocriptine
A
dopamine agonist-
leads to suppression of hepatic glucose production
decreases postmeal plasma glucose levels
22
Q
suppress testosterone synthesis and spermatogeneis
A
long acting GnRH analogues and antagonists antiandrogen MOA
23
Q
SGLT-2 inhibitors that inhibit the Na-glucose co-transporter in the kideny
A
“gliflozin”
24
Q
cholecalciferol (skin)
ergocalciferol (diet)
calcitriol (active)
A
(vitamin D)
increases GI Ca and phos absorption
must be adequate for optimal absorption of Ca
decreses renal excretion of Ca and Phos
25
equal anti inflammatory and salt retaining effects
hydrocortisone
cortisone
26
lots of SALT RETAINING effects
NO
anti-inflammatory effects
aldosterone
fludrocortisone
27
what do you do to decrease the suppression on the adrenal gland caused by glucocorticoids
give on alternate days
28
estradiol, estrone, estriol endocervical gland effects
cervical mucus
29
**LH agonist**
binds to the LH receptor
\*\* stimulates progesterone to make the corpus luteum \*\*
\*\* stimulates testosterone production in the testes \*\*
hCG
30
chronic tx with glucocorticoids does what to the HPA axis
suppresses it to the point where it can cause life threatening adrenal insufficiency
this can last for months
31
inhibit LH secretion
inhibiting the creation of steroids by the testes
estrogen antiandrogen MOA
32
gradually inhibits the synthesis of T4
propylthiouracil and methimazole
33
mifepristone
**receptor antagonist** of
both
**glucocorticoids**
and
**progesterone**
34
metformin
(1) decreases gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and CHO intestinal absorption (2) increases insulin sensitivity
35
1st- hCG (for up to a year)
2nd- add hMG (for a few months)
male fertility tx
36
beta blocker that inhibits the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
propanalol
37
emergency only use to stop early labor by short term cervicouterine relaxation
nitroglycerin
38
anti-fibrinolytic that inhibits the activation of plasminogen
reduces death due to postpartum hemorrhage
"along with standard uterotonic therapy"
tranexamic acid
39
indomethacin
inhibits COX to reduce prostaglandin synthesis
and delay early labor
40
radioactive iodine 131
in small amounts it is diagnostic but in large amounts it is curative
41
progesterone effects on uterus
converts endometrium to secretory state
needed to maintain pregnancy
42
progesterone thermogenic effects
increases body temp
43
antiestrogen that is
## Footnote
**antagonist in the breast AND the uterus**
**agonist in the bone and liver**
raloxifene
44
diazoxide
raises blood sugar by inhibiting insulin secretion or decreasing glucose utilization
45
"glitazone"
thiazolidinediones that increase insulin sensitivity by binding to PPARy receptor
46
thiazolidinediones that increase insulin sensitivity by binding to PPARy receptor
"glitazone"
47
bile acid sequestrant that lowers A1C somehow
colesevelam
48
tamoxifen
antiestrogen that is
**agonist in uterus and bone**
**antagonist in breast**
(used for estrogen dependent breast CA in pre and post menopausal women)
49
"glutides" and exenatide
GLP-1 agonists (act like GLP-1 to increase release of insulin and decrease release of glucagon
50
cetrorelix
ganirelix
GnRH antagonist
LD: suppresses LH
HD: suppresses FSH
goal is to suppress endogenous LH and FSH
51
propylthiouracil
gradually blocks the conversion of T4 to T3
52
anastrozole
letrozole
nonsteroidal
inhibitor of aromatase
(final step in estrogen synthesis)
53
long acting GnRH analogues and antagonists ART MOA
suppress LH and FSH for
54
inhibits PTH secretion
alters the physical chemical properties of the bone mineral
calcium
55
19- nortestosterones
## Footnote
**norethindrone**
**norgestrel**
**levonorgestrel**
**norgestimate**
derived from testosterone and have both progestin and androgenic activity
56
## Footnote
**progesterone**
**medroxyprogesterone**
**megestrol acetate**
progesterone derivatives
57
liothyronine sodium
synthetic T3- shorter half life and duration of action than T4
58
cortisone MOA
must be converted to hydrocortisone in the liver to be active
less potent than hydrocortisone
59
propanalol
beta blocker that inhibits the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
60
propylthiouracil and methimazole
gradually inhibits the synthesis of T4
61
alpha glucosidase inhibitors that delay CHO digestion and decrease intestinal glucose absorption
acarbose and miglitol
62
hCG
**LH agonist**
binds to the LH receptor
\*\* stimulates progesterone to make the corpus luteum \*\*
\*\* stimulates testosterone production in the testes \*\*
63
in small amounts it is diagnostic but in large amounts it is curative
radioactive iodine 131
64
nitroglycerin
emergency only use to stop early labor by short term cervicouterine relaxation
65
a steroid
irreversible inhibitor of aromatase
(final step in estrogen synthesis)
exemestane
66
NOT a sulfa drug, these that close the K channel, depolarize the membrane, and cause insulin to be exocytosed
repaglinide, nateglinide (meglitinides)
67
1st gen sulfonylureas that close the K channel, depolarize the membrane, and cause insulin to be exocytosed
tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, tolazamide
68
antiestrogen that is
## Footnote
**antagonist in the hypothalamus**
**agonist everywhere else**
clomiphene
69
estradiol, estrone, estriol ovary effects
prepare follicle cells for ovulation (with FSH)
70
what are females given to ensure the embryo transfer
progesterone
71
progesterone derivatives
derivatives of progestin:
## Footnote
**progesterone**
**medroxyprogesterone**
**megestrol acetate**
72
antibody that binds to and inhibits the RANK ligand causing
OSTEOCLAST INHIBITION
used in osteoporosis
denosumab
73
oxytocin
works on OT receptors in the uterus to
induce labor (DOC)
prevent hemorrhage
stimulate milk let down reflex
74
synthetic T3- shorter half life and duration of action than T4
liothyronine sodium
75
ergonovine maleate
methylergonovine maleate
rapidly contracts the uterine smooth muscle through activation of serotonin and alpha adrenergic receptors to
deliver the placenta **AFTER LABOR IS OVER!!!!**
(will abort the baby if given during labor)
76
alpha glucosidase inhibitors that delay CHO digestion and decrease intestinal glucose absorption
acarbose and miglitol
77
estradiol, estrone, estriol pubertal effects
female secondary sex characteristics
**close the epiphysis**
78
danazol
weak progestin, androgen, and glucocorticoid
## Footnote
**decreases function of the ovaries**
79
female fertility tx
| (fertilization)
1st- hMG (for 9-12 days)
2nd- hCG (1 dose)
\*\*in sequence\*\*
80
male fertility tx
1st- hCG (for up to a year)
2nd- add hMG (for a few months)
81
used for FSH properties
\*\* develops the ovarian follicles and stimulates estrogen \*\*
\*\* stimulates spermatogenesis \*\*
hMG
82
testosterone, methyltestosterone virilizing effects
spermatogenesis
sexual development
83
rapidly decreases the synthesis and release of T3 and T4 for a short term effect
iodide
84
lowers dopamine levels which leads to suppression of hepatic glucose production
bromocriptine
85
long acting GnRH agonist
initially causes an LH surge
BUT THE ULTIMATE EFFECT IS
INHIBITION OF GONADOTROPIN RELEASE
(goal is to reduce androgens)
leuprolide
goserelin
86
mifepristone
antiprogestin that blocks progestin binding to the progesterone receptor
87
relaxes the uterus
stops premature labor
mag sulfate
88
estrogen antiandrogen MOA
inhibit LH secretion
inhibiting the creation of steroids by the testes
89
antiestrogen that is
**agonist in uterus and bone**
**antagonist in breast**
(used for estrogen dependent breast CA in premenopausal women)
tamoxifen
90
"dronates"
PCP bond analogs of pyrophosphate that
INCORPORATE INTO BONE
inhibit osteoclasts
DOC for osteoporosis
91
synthetic T4- takes 4-6 weeks to reach steady state
levothyroxine sodium
92
estradiol, estrone, estriol vaginal epithelium effects
stimulate proliferation
93
mitotane
**inhibitor of corticosteroid synthesis**
adrenocorticolytic
causes adrenocorticol atrophy
(destroys the gland)
94
estrogens
long acting GnRH analoges and antagonists
androgen receptor antagonists
5-alpha reductase inhibitors
antiandrogens
| (list of groups)
95
GLP-1 agonists (act like GLP-1 to increase release of insulin and decrease release of glucagon
"glutides" and exenatide
96
repeated applications with glucocorticoids causes a ___ effect
depot effect
| (increases absorption)
97
denosumab
antibody that binds to and **inhibits** the RANK ligand causing
**OSTEOCLAST** **INHIBITION**
used in osteoporosis
98
99
estradiol, estrone, estriol metabolic effects
**makes liver proteins** (that bind to hormones)
**increases HDL and reduces LDL**
Na and H20 retention
100
progesterone's effect on early labor
it PROPHYLACTICALLY prevents
not an acute tx
101
"paratides"
teraparatide, abaloparatide
PTH analogs that **intermittently** stimulate the PTH receptor to cause
**OSTEOBLASTIC** activity
used in osteoporosis
only anabolic osteoporosis drug
102
calcium
inhibits PTH secretion
alters the physical chemical properties of the bone mineral
103
glyburide, glipizide, glimepride
2nd gen sulfonylureas that close the K channel, depolarize the membrane, and cause insulin to be exocytosed
104
finasteride
dutasteride
5 alpha reducatse inhibitors
**stop the conversion of testosterone to DHT**
decreases DHT and PSA
increases total testosterone (so might make more estrogen)
105
GnRH antagonist
LD: suppresses LH
HD: suppresses FSH
goal is to suppress endogenous LH and FSH
cetrorelix
ganirelix
106
antiestrogen that is
pure estrogen receptor antagonist
effective in pts w/ tamoxifen resistant tumors
fulvestrant
107
testosterone, methyltestosterone effects on puberty and embryo
development of secondary sex characteristics
108
flutamide
bicalutamide
nilutamide
androgen receptor antagonists
reduce male sex accessory organ function
109
in times of stress, what do you do with glucocorticoids
INCREASE THE DOSE
110
fludicortisone
mimics the effects of aldosterone
mineralcorticosteroid and glucocorticosteroid effects
111
weak progestin, androgen, and glucocorticoid
## Footnote
**decreases function of the ovaries**
danazol
112
"gliptins"
DPP-4 inhibitors that inhibit the the enzyme that degrades GLP-1 (increasing insulin secretion)
113
hydrocortisone
cortisone
prednisone
methylprednisone
dexamethasone
fluticasone
anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids
increase glucose, FFA, and amino acids in blood
antagonize insulin
redistribute fat
increase SNS heart effects
Na and H20 retention (some)
bone loss
immunosuppression
114
only anti inflammatory effects
NO
salt retaining effects
**methylpredinsolone**
**fluticasone**
**dexamethasone**
traimcinolone
betamethasone
115
2nd gen sulfonylureas that close the K channel, depolarize the membrane, and cause insulin to be exocytosed
glyburide, glipizide, glimepride
116
clomiphene
antiestrogen that is
## Footnote
**antagonist in the hypothalamus**
**agonist everywhere else**
117
progesterone effects on breasts
loguloalveolar development
118
stops uterus smooth muscle contractions (CCB)
prevents early labor
nifedipine
119
fulvestrant
antiestrogen that is
pure estrogen receptor antagonist
effective in pts w/ tamoxifen resistant tumors
120
PCP bond analogs of pyrophosphate that
INCORPORATE INTO BONE
inhibit osteoclasts
DOC for osteoporosis
"dronates"
121
5 alpha reducatse inhibitors
**stop the conversion of testosterone to DHT**
decreases DHT and PSA
increases total testosterone (so might make more estrogen)
finasteride
dutasteride
122
lots of anti inflammatory effects
some salt retaining effects
prednisone
prednisolone
123
acarbose and miglitol
alpha glucosidase inhibitors that delay CHO digestion and decrease intestinal glucose absorption
124
spironolactone
androgen receptor antagonist
competes for androgen and estrogen receptors when
**AT VERY HIGH DOSES**
125
prednisone MOA
must be converted to prednisolone in the liver to be active
126
pramlintide
USED IN T1DM AND T2DM to regulate postprandial glucose
127
testosterone, methytestosterone anabolic effects
increases bones
amino acids getting into muscles
RBC mass
antagonizes steroids
128
tranexamic acid
anti-fibrinolytic that inhibits the activation of plasminogen
reduces death due to postpartum hemorrhage
"along with standard uterotonic therapy"
129
nonsteroidal
inhibitor of aromatase
(final step in estrogen synthesis)
anastrozole
letrozole
130
estradiol, estrone, estriol uterus effects
endometrial cell division and growth
| (in the follicular phase)
131
androgen receptor antagonist
competes for androgen and estrogen receptors when
**AT VERY HIGH DOSES**
spironolactone
132
estradiol, estrone, estriol effects on blood clotting
makes clotting protein
increases platelet adhesiveness
133
progesterone effects on endocervical glands
cervical mucus
134
ketoconazole
**inhibitor of corticosteroid synthesis**
at high dose this antifungal inhibits steroid synthesis
NON-SELECTIVE
used in pre-op suppression
135
raloxifene
antiestrogen that is
## Footnote
**antagonist in the breast AND the uterus**
**agonist in the bone and liver**
136
PTH analogs that intermittently stimulate the PTH receptor to cause
OSTEOBLASTIC activity
used in osteoporosis
only anabolic osteoporosis drug
"paratides"
teraparatide, abaloparatide
137
levothyroxine sodium
synthetic T4- takes 4-6 weeks to reach steady state
138
raises blood sugar by inhibiting insulin secretion or decreasing glucose utilization
diazoxide
139
derived from testosterone and have both progestin and androgenic activity:
## Footnote
**norethindrone**
**norgestrel**
**levonorgestrel**
**norgestimate**
19- nortestosterones
140
recombinant PTH that binds to receptor to stimulate the RANK ligand to cause
OSTEOCLASTIC activity
used in tx of hypOthyroidism
rhPTH (1-84)
141
estradiol, estrone, estriol bone
maintain bone mass
stop resorption
142
increases GI Ca and phos absorption
**must be adequate for optimal absorption of Ca**
decreses renal excretion of Ca and Phos
cholecalciferol (skin)
ergocalciferol (diet)
calcitriol (active)
143
estradiol, estrone, estriol breast effeccts
ductal epithelial cells
144
mag sulfate
relaxes the uterus
stops premature labor
145
antiprogestin that blocks progestin binding to the progesterone receptor
mifepristone
146
gradually blocks the conversion of T4 to T3
propylthiouracil
147
1st- hMG (for 9-12 days)
2nd- hCG (1 dose)
\*\*in sequence\*\*
female fertility tx
| (fertilization)
148
inhibits COX to reduce prostaglandin synthesis
and delay early labor
indomethacin
149
150
colesevelam
bile acid sequestrant that lowers A1C somehow
151
(1) decreases gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and CHO intestinal absorption (2) increases insulin sensitivity
metformin
152
leuprolide
goserelin
long acting GnRH agonist
initially causes an LH surge
BUT THE ULTIMATE EFFECT IS
INHIBITION OF GONADOTROPIN RELEASE
(goal is to reduce androgens)
153
metyrapone
**inhibitor of corticosteroid synthesis**
SELECTIVE inhibitor of the last enzyme in cortisol synthesis
used short term
ok for preggos
154
IM DM drugs
GLP-1 agonists
pramlintide
insulin
