Mobility

Question 1

number of bones in adult body

Answer 1

206

Question 2

what is cortical bone

Answer 2

dense

Question 3

what is trabecular bone

Answer 3

spongy, cancellous

Question 4

what is osteogenesis

Answer 4

bone growth

Question 5

when does the skeleton stop growing

Answer 5

25

Question 6

what is the diaphysis

Answer 6

the shaft

Question 7

what is the epiphyses

Answer 7

ends

Question 8

what are osteoblasts

Answer 8

bone forming cells
cannot divide

Question 9

what are osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 9

infant osteoblasts
can divide
“stem cells”

Question 10

what are osteocytes

Answer 10

mature osteoblasts
maintain matrix
cannot divide

Question 11

what are osteoclasts

Answer 11

break down bone
bone resorption into bloodstream

Question 12

what is a sprain

Answer 12

overstretch of ligament with possible tear

Question 13

what is a strain

Answer 13

overstretch of muscle or tendon

Question 14

5 stages of fracture

Answer 14

fracture-inflammatory phase
granulation formation-fibroblasts
osteoblasts-callus-extracellular matrix
lamellar bone phase-bone strengthens
remodeling

Question 15

what is carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 15

increased pressure on median nerve
cumulative trauma disorder
affect at least 2 of the first through 3rd fingers
parasthesia with pain worse at nigth

Question 16

diagnosis for CTS

Answer 16

phalen signs with hyperflexion of wrist for 60 sec
press back of hands together

Question 17

ACL injury

Answer 17

primary knee stabilizer
prevents forward displacement of the tibia and femur

Question 18

MCL injury

Answer 18

rotational injury

Question 19

what is valgus

Answer 19

forces to lateral aspect

Question 20

what is varus

Answer 20

forces to medial aspect

Question 21

hip fracture injury

Answer 21

osteoporotic degeneration of hip
instability of joint and inability to bear wt
femoral neck fractures most common
femoral head fractures typically d/t trauma

Question 22

vertebral compression fracture

Answer 22

pathognomonic of osteoporosis
wt of body exceeds load vertebrae can support

Question 23

treatment for vertebral compression fracture

Answer 23

muscle relaxants
calcitonin
external support devices
calcium, vit d, bisphosphonates

Question 24

femur shaft fracture

Answer 24

significant force needed
abundant blood supply: large amount of bleeding
displacement of fracture: muscles surrounding fracture pull on bones
1 leg significantly shorter

Question 25

transverse fracture

Answer 25

broken perpendicular

Question 26

spiral fracture

Answer 26

twisting

Question 27

comminuted fracture

Answer 27

broken in @ least 2 places

Question 28

open fracture

Answer 28

bone is sticking out (compound)

Question 29

tibia-fibula fracture

Answer 29

both bones often fractured together may be open fractures

Question 30

what structure is adjacent to distal fibula

Answer 30

common peroneal nerve

Question 31

what structure is adjacent to tibia

Answer 31

popliteal artery

Question 32

what assessments are done

Answer 32

neurovascular always first, look for internal bleeding

Question 33

what is delayed union

Answer 33

fracture healing taking longer than expected

Question 34

what is nonunion

Answer 34

fracture with no chance of healing concerned with osteomyolitis

Question 35

what is malunion

Answer 35

healing of bone in unacceptable position surgery

Question 36

what is compartment syndrome

Answer 36

tissue pressure exceeds perfusion pressure in close anatomical space ischemia, necrosis, fx impairment weak distal pulses/none immediate surgical eval

Question 37

what is osteoporosis

Answer 37

osteoclast>osteoblast

Question 38

what is osteoarthrtis

Answer 38

degeneration of joints

Question 39

what is degenerative disc disease

Answer 39

compressed/misaligned

Question 40

what is hydroxyapatite

Answer 40

calcium and phosphate crystals circulating poor bone health

Question 41

what is articular cartilage deterioration

Answer 41

chondrocytes produce cartilage subchondral bone deterioration

Question 42

what is osteopenia

Answer 42

thinning of trabecular bone matrix

Question 43

what is primary osteoporosis

Answer 43

d/t diet, lack of exercise, no underlying disease processes

Question 44

what is secondary osteoporosis

Answer 44

cancer and thyroid issues

Question 45

what is OA

Answer 45

trauma to joints over course of life excess wt increase risk in wt nearing joints hips, knees, and ankles

Question 46

physical exam findings for OA

Answer 46

joint deformity joint tenderness decreased ROM fingers involved

Question 47

differences btwn OA and RA

Answer 47

OA: degenerative joint diease...aging or excessive trauma. 10% of population. Knee, hip, hand, interphalangeal joints. Joint swelling and osteophyte formation. Joint pain, stiffness, tenderness, worse in morning and better as day progresses. Tylenol, COX-2 inhibitors, NSAIDs, and joint replacement to treat RA: autoimmune, autoantibodies found in joint space. 1% of population. Hand, metacarpophalangeal joints. Joint swelling and deformity, intense inflammation with joint erosion. Joint pain, stiffness, tenderness, systemic: fever, myalgias, fatigue. Methotrexate and MABs to treat. Bilateral and equal.

Question 48

what is DDD

Answer 48

nervous system affected as vertebral disc distortions compromise spinal nerves

Question 49

s&s of lumbar DDD

Answer 49

pain in low back that radiates down leg pain in butt/thighs pain worsens when sitting, bending, lifting, or twisting pain minimized when walking, changing positions, or lying down numbness, tingling, or weakness in legs foot drop

Question 50

s&s of cervical DDD

Answer 50

chronic neck pain radiating to shoulders and down arms numbness or tingling in arms or hand weakness of arm to hand