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NUR 280 > Mobility > Flashcards

Mobility Flashcards

1
Q

number of bones in adult body

A

206

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2
Q

what is cortical bone

A

dense

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3
Q

what is trabecular bone

A

spongy, cancellous

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4
Q

what is osteogenesis

A

bone growth

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5
Q

when does the skeleton stop growing

A

25

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6
Q

what is the diaphysis

A

the shaft

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7
Q

what is the epiphyses

A

ends

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8
Q

what are osteoblasts

A

bone forming cells
cannot divide

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9
Q

what are osteoprogenitor cells

A

infant osteoblasts
can divide
“stem cells”

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10
Q

what are osteocytes

A

mature osteoblasts
maintain matrix
cannot divide

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11
Q

what are osteoclasts

A

break down bone
bone resorption into bloodstream

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12
Q

what is a sprain

A

overstretch of ligament with possible tear

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13
Q

what is a strain

A

overstretch of muscle or tendon

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14
Q

5 stages of fracture

A

fracture-inflammatory phase
granulation formation-fibroblasts
osteoblasts-callus-extracellular matrix
lamellar bone phase-bone strengthens
remodeling

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15
Q

what is carpal tunnel syndrome

A

increased pressure on median nerve
cumulative trauma disorder
affect at least 2 of the first through 3rd fingers
parasthesia with pain worse at nigth

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16
Q

diagnosis for CTS

A

phalen signs with hyperflexion of wrist for 60 sec
press back of hands together

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17
Q

ACL injury

A

primary knee stabilizer
prevents forward displacement of the tibia and femur

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18
Q

MCL injury

A

rotational injury

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19
Q

what is valgus

A

forces to lateral aspect

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20
Q

what is varus

A

forces to medial aspect

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21
Q

hip fracture injury

A

osteoporotic degeneration of hip
instability of joint and inability to bear wt
femoral neck fractures most common
femoral head fractures typically d/t trauma

22
Q

vertebral compression fracture

A

pathognomonic of osteoporosis
wt of body exceeds load vertebrae can support

23
Q

treatment for vertebral compression fracture

A

muscle relaxants
calcitonin
external support devices
calcium, vit d, bisphosphonates

24
Q

femur shaft fracture

A

significant force needed
abundant blood supply: large amount of bleeding
displacement of fracture: muscles surrounding fracture pull on bones
1 leg significantly shorter

25
Q

transverse fracture

A

broken perpendicular

26
Q

spiral fracture

A

twisting

27
Q

comminuted fracture

A

broken in @ least 2 places

28
Q

open fracture

A

bone is sticking out (compound)

29
Q

tibia-fibula fracture

A

both bones often fractured together
may be open fractures

30
Q

what structure is adjacent to distal fibula

A

common peroneal nerve

31
Q

what structure is adjacent to tibia

A

popliteal artery

32
Q

what assessments are done

A

neurovascular always first, look for internal bleeding

33
Q

what is delayed union

A

fracture healing taking longer than expected

34
Q

what is nonunion

A

fracture with no chance of healing
concerned with osteomyolitis

35
Q

what is malunion

A

healing of bone in unacceptable position
surgery

36
Q

what is compartment syndrome

A

tissue pressure exceeds perfusion pressure in close anatomical space
ischemia, necrosis, fx impairment
weak distal pulses/none
immediate surgical eval

37
Q

what is osteoporosis

A

osteoclast>osteoblast

38
Q

what is osteoarthrtis

A

degeneration of joints

39
Q

what is degenerative disc disease

A

compressed/misaligned

40
Q

what is hydroxyapatite

A

calcium and phosphate crystals circulating
poor bone health

41
Q

what is articular cartilage deterioration

A

chondrocytes produce cartilage
subchondral bone deterioration

42
Q

what is osteopenia

A

thinning of trabecular bone matrix

43
Q

what is primary osteoporosis

A

d/t diet, lack of exercise, no underlying disease processes

44
Q

what is secondary osteoporosis

A

cancer and thyroid issues

45
Q

what is OA

A

trauma to joints over course of life
excess wt increase risk in wt nearing joints
hips, knees, and ankles

46
Q

physical exam findings for OA

A

joint deformity
joint tenderness
decreased ROM
fingers involved

47
Q

differences btwn OA and RA

A

OA: degenerative joint diease…aging or excessive trauma. 10% of population. Knee, hip, hand, interphalangeal joints. Joint swelling and osteophyte formation. Joint pain, stiffness, tenderness, worse in morning and better as day progresses. Tylenol, COX-2 inhibitors, NSAIDs, and joint replacement to treat

RA: autoimmune, autoantibodies found in joint space. 1% of population. Hand, metacarpophalangeal joints. Joint swelling and deformity, intense inflammation with joint erosion. Joint pain, stiffness, tenderness, systemic: fever, myalgias, fatigue. Methotrexate and MABs to treat. Bilateral and equal.

48
Q

what is DDD

A

nervous system affected as vertebral disc distortions compromise spinal nerves

49
Q

s&s of lumbar DDD

A

pain in low back that radiates down leg
pain in butt/thighs
pain worsens when sitting, bending, lifting, or twisting
pain minimized when walking, changing positions, or lying down
numbness, tingling, or weakness in legs
foot drop

50
Q

s&s of cervical DDD

A

chronic neck pain radiating to shoulders and down arms
numbness or tingling in arms or hand
weakness of arm to hand

NUR 280 (7 decks)

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