Neurologic disorders Flashcards

Question

what is guillain barre syndrome

Answer 1

t cell mediated d/t virus postinfectious disease: epstein barr, covid acute inflammatory demyelination

Answer 2

weakness complete paralysis- starts @ feet- ascending- breathing peripheral neuropathy

Answer 3

supportive neuromuscular respiraotry failure- vent continuous hemodynamic monitoring- autonomic nerves involved immunomodulating agents

Answer 4

autoimmune chronic fights acetylcholine muscle weakness and fatigue extraocular muscles affected first b and t cell mediated thymus gland hyperplasia- overproduces t cells

Answer 5

edrophonium testing serum ach receptor antibodies EMG

Answer 6

physostigmine iv immunogobulin plasmapharesis thymectomy

Answer 7

weakness severe enough to cause respiratory failure necessition vent requires ICU monitoring of forced vital capacity and neg inspiratory force every 2-4 hrs

Answer 8

difficult to arouse

Answer 9

5-15 mm/hg

Answer 10

brain tissue blood volume/circulation CSF

Answer 11

drain fluid decrease bp hypertonic vasoconstrict remove brain tissue remove part of skull (decompressive crainiotomy)

Answer 12

mass tumor trauma bleed ischemic stroke hydrocephalus airway obstruction hypoventilation seizures

Answer 13

one of above volumes compensates for the other that rises once the need for volume can not be compensated for, ICP rises

Answer 14

head trauma neuro exam durations of unconsciousness post-traumatic amnesia consciousness vs unconsciousness cranial nerve testing both sides- pupil reaction to light, extraocular movements, corneal reflex, hearing, uvula and tongue position sensory testing- light touch, pain, positioning motor testing DTR coordination and gait mental status glascow coma scale coma and posturing

Answer 15

severity of brain injury eye opening, verbal response, motor response lowest: 3 highest: 15- conscious

Answer 16

flexed arms, clenched fists, rigid legs indicates corticospinal tract damage

Answer 17

arms held striaght outward with toes pointed downward indicates upper brainstem damage

Answer 18

may persist for several months

Answer 19

certain activities should be resitrcted frequent rest stop playing sport/activity immediately until assessment and cleared by clinician to return to activity

Answer 20

intensive care unit

Answer 21

common type of tbi widespread damage to brain tissue major cause of unconsciousness and persistent coma after head trauma immediate loss of consciousness, most remain in coma

Answer 22

neurovascular stabilization IV mannitol, steroids

Answer 23

mild TBI traumatic force causes disruption in brain fx

Answer 24

resolve without complication may take up to 10 days

Answer 25

symtoms may persist for longer longer loss of consciousness

Answer 26

seeing stars dazed confused headache dizzy retrograde and antegrade amnesia

Answer 27

rule out cervical spine injury, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage neuro exam s&s may evolve over time so do repeat evals ct scan normal in most cases

Answer 28

persistence of symptoms for more than 3 weks

Answer 29

scattered areas of bleeding on brain surface most commonly undersurface frontal and temporal lobes cerebral edema around contusion within 48-72 hrs medical emergency- decreased HR, decreased respirations, hypertension, can not be awakened

Answer 30

crainectomy/crainotomy evacuation of blood through crainiotomy

Answer 31

epidural and subdural hematoma can cause excessive pressure on brain and cause neuro damage or death

Answer 32

collection of arterial blood above dura mater that is caused by rupture of the middle meningeal artery commonly associated with skull fracture

Answer 33

collection of venous blood that is beneath dura mater

Answer 34

compression, stretching, or laceration of spinal cord d/t trauma can result in impaired blood flow causes temp or permanent sensory, motor or autonomic fx that are seen immediately after injury deficits can worsen over time r/t edema quadriplegia is most common type: all 4 limbs paraplegia is second most common type

Answer 35

c4 or above

Answer 36

t11 or below

Answer 37

mechanical- stretching or shearing forces injure neurons and glial cells hemorrhage, cell death, and necrotic enviornment

Answer 38

ischemia caused by primary forces causes secondary injury processes that worsen damage over hours to weeks ischemia cause cytotoxic edema, inflammation, cascade of tissue damage and scarring which inhibits regeneration of neurons at side of injury

Answer 39

abc's log roll- treat all back injuries as if they have sci until confirmed they do not pulmonary -injuries at c4 and above tend to have respiratory complications look for signs of hemorrhage, hypotension and shock sensory testing motor strength testing extent of injury

Answer 40

ABCs stabilization neuro exam pain management SCDs-immobile wound care urinary cath warmed IVF surgery LMW heparin if no bleeding risk

Answer 41

areflexia: absence of reflexes results from primary injury flaccid muscles, paralysis, lack of sensation below injury, bowel and bladder dysfunction loss of anal reflex or bulbocavernosus reflex autonomic fx also disrupted cannot assess extent of injury until shock resolves, may take weeks to days indicated by return of anal reflex

Answer 42

acute occurs in pt's with injuries at t6 and above autonomic probs abnormal SNS signaling bradycardia hypotension peripheral vasodilation hemodynamic monitoring and stabilization required- fluids

Neurologic disorders Flashcards

(69 cards)