Mobility Flashcards
(25 cards)
Which part of the long bone cross-section is responsible for bone growth in children and adolescents?
The epiphysis contains the growth plate, which is active during childhood and adolescence, and is responsible for bone growth. Injuries or fractures to this plate can cause reduced bone growth and maturation, and extremity length changes.
Important Joints to know
Synarthroses, represented by the sutures in the skull, are immovable joints.
Amphiarthroses, slightly movable joints, are joints in which the bones are connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage. Examples of this type of joint include the junction of the ribs and sternum and the symphysis pubis.
Diarthroses or synovial joints are freely movable joints and are the most common type of joint in the body.
Which functions do bones provide?
Bones provide support for the body and protection, adding stability by acting as a frame for the organs and soft tissue. Bones also produce red and white cells primarily in the middle (bone marrow) of long bones.
Increased osteoclastic activity with decreased osteoblastic activity most likely causes which of the following?
Increases in osteoclastic activity (bone breakdown) and decreased osteoblastic activity (bone rebuilding) will most likely decrease bone thickness and strength.
What can occur in a tendon or ligament injury?
Tendons or ligaments can tear, rupture, and experience an inflammatory response.
Which clients are at higher risk for injury from mobility?
An elderly female with osteoporosis may be a fall risk without an assistive device. An adolescent playing volleyball without joint protection is at a higher risk of joint injury. A young adult jogging up a steep mountain is at higher risk for ligament or tendon injury.
What is RICE?
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
Which cells are responsible for forming bone tissue?
Osteoblast cells are responsible for bone formation.
Which cells are responsible for bone breakdown?
Osteoclasts break down bones.
Types of Bones and locations
Long bones are bones in the leg.
Short bones are bones in the wrist.
Flat bones are bones in the skull.
Irregular bones are bones in the middle ear.
Fracture Types
Sxs and patho with fractures
Edema: White blood cells, clotting factors, and materials are transported to the fracture site.
Erythema: Blood vessels dilate and the surrounding skin changes color.
Loss of mobility: Fractured bone is unable to move normally or bear weight.
Deformity: Two ends of the broken bone do not align like before a fracture.
Pain: The body communicates the presence of injury to the brain.
Which of the following are involved in moving the body
Nerves, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and bones all play a role in mobility. Injuries or diseases to any of these can lead to immobility and further complications.
What can lead to improved mobility?
Exercises, sports, and repositioning can improve mobility.
What purpose does bone have in mobility?
Bone provides stability and support.
Types of Immobility
What may increase the client’s risk of skin breakdown?
Skin breakdown occurs more when a client is incontinent, profuse diaphoresis (sweating), or uses the bedpan.
What findings could indicate a hospitalized client is experiencing complications associated with immobility?
Complications associated with immobility include skin ulceration (decubitus ulcers), blood clots of the leg (DVT), and pneumonia.
What information does the spinal cord relay to the brain?
The spinal cord relays sensory, temperature, position, and pain information.
The spinal cord is composed of which type of tissue?
The spinal cord is composed of nerve tissue.
The most common conditions that affect the spinal cord
syphilis
Lyme disease
bacterial meningitis
herpes zoster
West Nile virus
varicella zoster (shingles)
Guillain-Barre
What can cause spinal disorders?
Infection, injury, and some auto-immune diseases can cause spinal disorders.
What are the common tests used to evaluate spinal disorders?
CT, MRI, and lumbar puncture are common tests used to evaluate spinal disorders.
What complications is a client hospitalized with a spinal cord injury of the neck is at risk for?
Someone recently hospitalized with a spinal cord injury to the neck is at risk for complications which include autonomic dysreflexia, urinary retention, and pressure ulcers.
