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Flashcards in Mock Failures Deck (32)
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1
Q

What’s the difference between vaccination and immunisation?

A

Vaccination involves injection of antigenic material

Immunisation process of developing immunity

2
Q

When you listen to a human heartbeat through a stethoscope you can hear a two stage “lub dub”
Which causes the following causes the first lub component?

A

The sound of blood rushing into the atria

3
Q

Zinc ions are necessary for enzyme carbonic anhydride to work
Which statement correctly describes the nature and function of zinc ions in their interaction with carbonic anhydrase?

A

Inorganic ions and prosthetic groups

4
Q

Which volume would you use to estimate the volume of a neutrophil?

A

4/3Pir^2

5
Q

Describe correct sequence of organelles involved in production and secretion of a protein from this cell?

A

Nucleus
Golgi appartus
Vesicle
Cell membrane

6
Q

Describe mechanism behind water movement between plasma and tissue fluid at Venules end of capillary?

A

The oncotic pressure is greater than the hydrostatic pressure so water moves into the capillary

7
Q

From where to where on the graph do you calculate oxygen consumption in the experiment?

A

From beginning to end

8
Q

Formula of saturated fatty acid?

A

CH3(CH2)n–CO2H

9
Q

Saturated means

A

No double bonds

10
Q

Chemical produced by metabolic pathway binds to initial enzyme in pathway. Chemical bonds to enzyme at site away from active site and inhibits enzyme action.
Mode of action of chemical?

A

End product inhibitor

Bonds to the allosterid site of the enzyme

11
Q

True or false

At endodermis water had to enter the symplast pathway

A

True

12
Q

True or false?

Casparian strips in endodermis contain chemical lignin?

A

False

13
Q

True or false

Most of water moves across root cortex by the apoplast pathway?

A

True

14
Q

Guard cells adapted to role how?

A

Uneven thickened cell wall
Able to bend/change shape
Transport proteins in plasma membrane
Chloroplasts provide energy

15
Q

Other than stomata name one other part of leave from which water may be lost

A

Endodermis
Guard cell
Cuticle

16
Q

Diffusion water?

A

Osmosis

17
Q

Plasma membrane is?

A

Partially permeable

18
Q

If all water lost from leaf cell is not replaced, they lose… And the leaf may wilt

A

Turgidity

19
Q

Cohesion tension theory

Use theory to explain how water moves from roots to leaves?

A

Evaporation at top
Creates tension in xylem
Water molecules cohesive/ attracted together/pulled up

20
Q

Yeast means of cell division?

A

Budding

21
Q

Animal plant yeast bacterium who has nucleus?

A

Animal-nucleus
Plant- nucleus
Yeast-nucleus
Bacterium- no nucleus

22
Q

Material in cell wall bacterium?

A

Peptidoglycan

23
Q

Presence of ribosomes animal plant yeast bacterium

A

Animal- ribosomes present
Plant- no ribosomes present
Yeast- ribosomes present
Bacterium- no ribosomes present

24
Q

Explain How alveoli create a surface for efficient gaseous exchange?

A
One cell thick-diffusion
Squamous cells 
Elastic-can recoil to help with ventilation
Good concentration gradient 
Large surface area 
Small- surface area to volume ratio 
Surfactant
25
Q

Describe effect of high temperature in structure of the yeast cell membranes

A

1) phospholipids vibrate more
2) increases gaps in phospholipids
3) bilayer more fluid
4) more kinetic energy
5) denatured

26
Q

Then what

SA node generates electrical signals

A

Walls of atria contract

27
Q

Then what

Atrioventricular node recurred electrical signal from SA node?

A

Electrical signals transmitted down septum

28
Q

Then what

Ventricle walls start to contract

A

Atrioventricular valves close

29
Q

Then what

Ventricles walls relax

A

Seimilunar valves close

30
Q

Young mammals receive antibodies in their mothers milk

What type of immunity is it?

A

Natural passive immunity

31
Q

Suggest and explain what effects super ventricular tachycardia might have on blood flow from the heart?

A

Less blood leaves the heart
Ventricles don’t have time to fill before contaction
Inefficient

32
Q

Suggest why the foramen ovale is open in the fetus before birth?

A

Lungs don’t function blood not oxygenated
Therefore single circularity
Little blood goes to the lungs