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A Level Physics > Mock Revision - ignore > Flashcards

Mock Revision - ignore Flashcards

1
Q

Speed and Stopping Distances

A

Speed ∝ Thinking Distance
Speed^2 ∝ Braking Distance

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2
Q

Upthrust

A

The upwards force that a fluid exerts on a body floating in it due to the fluid displaced

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3
Q

Factors Affecting Drag

A
  • Velocity (drag ∝ velocity^2)
  • Cross sectional area of the object
  • Density of the fluid
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4
Q

The more of the object submerged

A

The greater the upthrust

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5
Q

To travel further

A

Streamline

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6
Q

Stiffness

A

The ability of a material to resist a tensile force

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7
Q

Extension depends on

A
  • material
  • length
  • cross sectional area
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8
Q

Ductile

A

Material can be drawn into wires

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9
Q

Malleable

A

Material can be hammered into flat sheets

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10
Q

Hard

A

Material will resist plastic deformation by surface indentation or scratching

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11
Q

A Newton’s Third Law pair of forces must

A
  • be the same type of force
  • act in opposite directions
  • act on different objects
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12
Q

Impulse =

A

Change in momentum

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13
Q

Energy Flows

A

Hotter –> Cooler

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14
Q

Thermal Equlibrium

A

Two objects in contact with each other at the same temperature are said to be in thermal equilibrium

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15
Q

Min internal energy at

A

absolute zero: no kinetic, some potential

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16
Q

Kinetic Model of Matter (general + s,l,g)

A

In kinetic model of matter, all matter is made up of very small particles which are in constant motion
- Solids: vibrate about their fixed positions
- Liquids: slide past one another
- Gases: free to move quickly in random directions

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17
Q

Internal Energy

A

The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of all the atoms/molecules within a system

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18
Q

In system of gas particles at fixed temp

A

There is a distributed of kinetic energies among the molecules
- since wide range of different translational speeds
- peak of curve = most probable speed

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19
Q

Brownian Motion

A

The random movement of small visible particles suspended in a fluid due to collisions with much smaller, randomly moving atoms/molecules of the fluid

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20
Q

Brownian Motion: as visible particle mass increases

A

Velocity decreases, so they move around less

21
Q

Specific Heat Capacity

A

The energy needed to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1K

22
Q

Specific Latent Heat of Fusion/Vaporisation

A

The energy needed to melt/boil 1kg of a substance

23
Q

An Ideal Gas

A

A gas that has internal energy only in the form of random kinetic energies

24
Q

Real gases behave like ideal gases if

A
  • The temperature is well above its boiling point
  • The pressure is low so that the particles are far apart
25
Assumptions of the kinetic model of gas
- The gas contains a large number of particles - The particles move rapidly and randomly - All collisions are perfectly elastic - There are negligible attractive forces between particles except during collisions - The time for a collisions to happen is negligible compared to the time between collisions - Particles have a negligible volume compared with the volume of gas in the container
26
Boyle's Law
p ∝ 1/V - where T constant - where number of moles is constant
27
Charles's Law
V ∝ T - where p constant - where number of moles is constant
28
Pressure Temperature Law
p ∝ T - where V is constant - where number of moles is constant
29
Ideal Gas Proportionality
T ∝ Ek for ideal gases since they have negligible potential energy All gases at the same temperature have the same Ek
30
Internal Energy of a ideal gas
3/2 NkT
31
Circular Motion: Time Period
The time taken for one complete circular path
32
Linear Velocity
The velocity at a given time
33
Angular Velocity
The rate of angular rotation
34
Acceleration is proportional to
Linear Velocity
35
Centripetal Acceleration Acts
- inwards towards the centre - perpendicular to linear velocity
36
Centripetal Force
The resultant force on an object acting towards the centre of the circle causing it to move in a circular path
37
Centripetal Force is the resultant of
Tension and Weight
38
Vertical Circle: slowest at
- the top (centripetal force = weight) - if weight > centripetal force, won't spin in vertical circle - acceleration > 9.81
39
Simple Harmonic Motion
A body will oscillate with S.H.M if its acceleration is directly proportional to its displacement from a fixed point and always directed towards that fixed point (a ∝ -x)
40
In SHM
amplitude and time period is constant
41
Damping
Damping forces reduce the amplitude of an oscillation with time due to energy being removed from the system
42
Resonance
- When driving frequency = natural frequency of the system - Results in body oscillating with a max amplitude due to max energy transfer
43
As damping forces increase
- The rate of energy removal from system increases - The period will increase slightly
44
A Gravitational Field
The region around a body in which other bodies will feel a force due to the mass of the body
45
Gravitational field strength is
- Uniform over short distances - At 2x distance, field has 1/4 strength (inverse square law)
46
Geostationary Satellites
- Same place above surface at all time - 24 hour time period - Monitoring the weather, broadcasting TV signals
47
Gravitational Potential
- Grav potential at a point in a gravitational field is the energy required per unit mass to move an object from infinity to that point in the field - Vg is defined to be 0 at infinity
48
Gravitational Potential Energy
Grav potential energy = work in bringing an object from infinity to a point in the field
49
Escape Velocity
- The escape velocity from a point in a gravitational field is the minimum launch velocity required to move an object from that point to infinity - ½ mv2 ≥ GMm/r

A Level Physics (79 decks)

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