Mod 2

Question 1

viral infection that starts in the respiratory system causes a red, blotchy rash

Answer 1

Measles

Question 2

dengue vaccine produced by Sanofi Pasteur.

Answer 2

Dengvaxia

Question 3

healthcare setting is the prevention of the spread of microorganisms

Answer 3

Infection Control

Question 4

potential threat to humans and welfare

Answer 4

Hazard

Question 5

the likelihood or probability of a hazard occurring or creating loss

Answer 5

Risk

Question 6

minimum infection prevention practices

Answer 6

Standard Precautions (SP)

Question 7

set of infection control work practices designed to reduce the risk of transmission

Answer 7

Standard Precaution

Question 8

illustrates how pathogens are transmitted

Answer 8

chain of infection

Question 9

eliminating or inactivating the agent

Answer 9

INFECTIOUSAGENT/PATHOGEN

Question 10

treating infectious individuals, vaccination, handling and disposing of body fluids appropriately, safe food practices, monitoring water for contamination.

Answer 10

RESERVOIR

Question 11

implementing safe practices

Answer 11

PORTAL OF EXIT

Question 12

ensuring transmission between objects or people does not occur

Answer 12

MODE OF TRANSMISSION

Question 13

the link by performing appropriate hand hygiene, using aseptic technique when required, applying best practice techniques with wound and catheter care, wearing appropriate PPE, eliminating invasive devices when safe to do so and providing safe food and water.

Answer 13

PORTAL OF ENTRY

Question 14

ensuring hosts are not susceptible including measures such as immunizations, good nutrition, recognition and treatment of high risk patients

Answer 14

SUSCEPTIBLE HUMAN HOST

Question 15

Foundation of knowledge that allows professionals to function seamlessly while reducing the risk of inflicting harm onto themselves or to others

Answer 15

Occupational safety

Question 16

governing body founded in the United States responsible for ensuring and monitoring the implementation of work standards in all fields, including the medical field.

Answer 16

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Question 17

set of standards providing employees, including clinical laboratory personnel, a safe work environment. Many programs and guidelines are based on this act.

Answer 17

OSH Act (Occupational and Safety Act)

Question 18

of the standards stemming from the OSH Act is the

in (year)

by

amended in (year)

Answer 18

Occupational Safety and Health Standards
1978
Department of Labor and Employment.
1989

Question 19

requires employers of all establishments to provide their employees with a safe work environment

Answer 19

Republic Act No. 11058

Question 20

implements the rules and regulations set by RA 11058.

Answer 20

Department Order 198-18

Question 21

workplace known for many hazards, and these laws allows professional who seek to this career to be protected in their work environment.

Answer 21

clinical laboratory

Question 22

prioritizes intervention strategies based on the premise that the best way to control a hazard

Answer 22

Hierarchy of Controls

Question 23

types of measures that may be used to protect laboratory workers, prioritized from most to least effective are:

Answer 23

1. Engineering controls
2. Administrative controls
3. Work practices
4. Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Question 24

are those that involve making changes to the work environment to reduce work- related hazards.

Answer 24

Engineering controls

Question 25

they make permanent changes that reduce exposure to hazards and do not rely on worker behavior.

Answer 25

Engineering controls

Question 26

Engineering controls example

Answer 26

▪ Chemical Fume Hoods ▪ Biological Safety Cabinets (BSCs)

Question 27

are those that modify workers’ work schedules and tasks in ways that minimize their exposure to workplace hazards.

Answer 27

Administrative controls

Question 28

Administrative controls example

Answer 28

▪ Developing a Chemical Hygiene Plan ▪ Developing Standard Operating Procedures for chemical handling

Question 29

are procedures for safe and proper work that are used to reduce the duration, frequency or intensity of exposure to a hazard.

Answer 29

Work practices

Question 30

Work practices example

Answer 30

▪ No mouth pipetting ▪Chemical substitution where feasible (e.g., selecting a less hazardous chemical for a specific procedure)

Question 31

protective gear needed to keep workers safe while performing their jobs.

Answer 31

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Question 32

specialized clothing or equipment, worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials.

Answer 32

Personal protective equipment, or PPE, as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Question 33

promote development of specific antibodies that protect against infection.

Answer 33

Vaccinations

Question 34

does not prevent exposure through mosquito bites, but does prevent infection from taking root.

Answer 34

prophylactic use of antimalarial drugs

Question 35

OSHA Requirements for Phlebotomists

Answer 35

Cleanliness Disposing of Materials Personal Protective Equipment Disposal of Blood

Question 36

implement and sustain effective strategies in preventing and controlling healthcare-associated infections.

Answer 36

1992 Philippine Hospital Infection Control Society (PHICS)

Question 37

SARS outbreak leads to talks in developing standards in collaboration of DOH and NGO of what professional societiesafter the SARS outbreak

Answer 37

(PHICS, PHICNA, and PSMID) 2004

Question 38

Creation of ___ for the development of the National Policy on Infection Prevention and Control

Answer 38

2012 National Center for Health Facility Development Technical Working Group

Question 39

Sign and release of the National Policy on Infection Prevention and Control year

Answer 39

2016

Question 40

standards used in the development of infection control procedures in healthcare facilities such as hospitals and clinics.

Answer 40

National Policy on Infection Prevention and Control

Question 41

formulates the policies, guidelines, and procedures followed by the hospital, ensures their implementations, and ensures the availability of resources for these policies.

Answer 41

Infection Control Committee

Question 42

responsible for disseminating necessary information and coordinates with medical, nursing, administration, and other hospital committees.

Answer 42

Infection Control Committee

Question 43

the members of the ICC are made up of the following:

Answer 43

Infection Control Physician Infection Control Nurse Representatives from: a. Microbiology laboratory b. Nursing Service c. Special and High Risk Units (such as the ER and ICU) d. And other departments

Question 44

Infection Control Committee guidelines include

Answer 44

I. Basic Infection Control Guidelines, Policies, and Procedures II. Infection Control guidelines, policies, and procedures on prevention of healthcare-associated infection III. Infection Control guidelines and policies on Housekeeping procedures IV. Infection Control guidelines, policies, and procedures for Specific Patient Care areas V. Infection Control guidelines, policies, and procedures for Hospital Auxiliary Service Departments/Units VI. Guidelines, Policies, and Procedures on Outbreak investigation VII. Infection Control Guidelines and Policies related to purchasing of medical equipment, drugs/medicine and supplies VIII. Guidelines and policies on Rational Antibiotic Use in coordination with Microbiology Laboratory and Pharmacy Drugs and Therapeutic Committee IX. Guidelines and Policies on Upholding Patient Confidentiality (Patient’s Rights)

Question 45

an infection occurring in a patient during the process of care in a hospital or other healthcare facility, which was not present or incubating at the time of admission

Answer 45

healthcare-associated infection

Question 46

infection that is acquired in a hospital or other health care facility.

Answer 46

Nosocomial infections, also known as hospital-acquired infections

Question 47

infections that are often caused by improperly sterilized or unsterilized healthcare equipment.

Answer 47

Nosocomial infections

Question 48

bacterium responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans

Answer 48

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Question 49

any strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has developed resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins and the cephalosporins.

Answer 49

MRSA

Question 50

refers to any pneumonia contracted by a patient in a hospital at least 48-72 hours after being admitted.

Answer 50

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), or nosocomial pneumonia

Question 51

related to bloodborne transmission of diseases arising from sharps injuries from contaminated used needles.

Answer 51

Sharps-associated infections

Question 52

one of the most effective intervention to control the transmission of infections in a hospital and education is an important tool to ensure its implementation.

Answer 52

HAND HYGIENE

Question 53

antimicrobial agents have been developed since

Answer 53

Late 1980s and early 1990s

Question 54

major public health threat and a global concern since the late 1990s.

Answer 54

antimicrobial resistance

Question 55

gives organisms a distinct competitive advantage, and can be inherent or acquired.

Answer 55

Resistance

Question 56

used as an immediate treatment to prevent the development of disease on the inflicted patient.

Answer 56

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

Question 57

highest incidence of needle stick transmission.

Answer 57

Hepatitis B