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PMLS 2 > Mod 6 > Flashcards

Mod 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

preferred method of blood collection

A

evacuated tube system (ETS)

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2
Q

sometimes used for patients with small or difficult veins

A

syringe system

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3
Q

system consists of a sterile syringe needle called a hypodermic needle and a sterile plastic syringe with a Luer-lock tip

A

syringe system

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4
Q

Hypodermic Needle

A

SYRINGE NEEDLES

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5
Q

Gauge and length for phlebotomy procedure

A

gauges 21 to 23,
in 1- or 1.5-in. lengths.

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6
Q

allow safely covered and removed so that a transfer device can be attached to the syringe to fill the evacuated tubes.

A

resheathing feature

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7
Q

Routine blood collection volume

A

i. 5ml
ii. 10ml

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8
Q

This device allows the safe transfer of blood into the tubes without using the syringe needle or removing the tube stopper.

A

SYRINGE TRANSFER DEVICE

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9
Q

The device is similar to an evacuated tube system(ETS) holder but has a permanently attached needle inside.

A

SYRINGE TRANSFER DEVICE

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10
Q

used by drawing the plunger backwards which creates a vacuum that draws blood into the syringe barrel when the needle is inserted into a vein.

A

syringe plunger

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11
Q

needle is too large for the vein causes

A

bleeding–hematoma.

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12
Q

needle is too small

A

damage the blood cells during sampling

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13
Q

invented to avoid accidents in the laboratory when it comes to transferring blood samples from the syringe into evacuated tubes.

A

syringe transfer device

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14
Q

Venipuncture procedure

A
  1. Review and accession test request
  2. Approach, identify, and prepare patient
  3. Verify diet restrictions and latex sensitivity
  4. Sanitize hands
  5. Position patient, apply tourniquet, make fist
  6. Select vein, release tourniquet, open fist
  7. Clean and air-dry site
  8. Prepare equipment and put on gloves
  9. Reapply tourniquet, uncap, inspect needle
  10. Ask patient to make a fist, anchor vein, and insert needle
  11. Establish blood flow, release tourniquet, ask patient to open fist
  12. Fill syringe
  13. Place gauze, withdraw needle, activate safety device, apply pressure
  14. Discard needle, fill tubes, discard syringe and transfer device
  15. Label tubes
  16. Observe special handling instructions
  17. Check patient’s arm and apply bandage
  18. Dispose of used and contaminated materials
  19. Thank patient, remove gloves, sanitize hands
  20. Transport specimen to the lab
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15
Q

Purpose of syringe transfer device

A

To safely transfer blood from a syringe into ETS tubes

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16
Q

Syringe transfer device procedure

A
  1. Remove the needle from the syringe The needle must be removed to attach the transfer and discard it in a sharps container.
  2. Attach the syringe hub to the transfer device hub, rotating it to ensure secure attachment.
  3. Hold the syringe vertically with the tip down and the transfer device at the bottom.
  4. Place an ETS tube in the barrel of transfer device and push it all the way to the end.
  5. Follow the order of draw if multiple tubes are to be filled.
  6. Keep the tubes and transfer device vertical
  7. Let tubes fill using the vacuum draw of the tube. Do not push on the syringe plunger.
  8. If you must underfill a tube, hold back the plunger to stop blood flow before removing it
  9. Mix additive tubes as soon as they are removed.
  10. When finished, discard the syringe and transfer device unit in a sharps container.
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17
Q

ORDER OF DRAW

A
  1. Sterile Tube (blood culture)
  2. Blue-top coagulation tube
  3. Serum tube (with or without clot activator, with or
    without gel)
  4. Heparin tube (with or without gel plasma separator)
  5. EDTA tube
  6. Glycolytic inhibitor tube
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18
Q

closed system of sample collection, making it the preferred
method. This closed system enables blood to be directly collected to a tube minimizing the risk of specimen contamination and allowing multiple tubes to be collected.

A

evacuated system

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19
Q

evacuated system three basic components

A

A. Multi-sample needle/Two-way needle
B. Tube holder/Adapter
C. Evacuated tubes

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20
Q

An organized order of draw must be followed when collecting samples using the ETS to prevent the following:

A
  1. CARRYOVER / CROSS-CONTAMINATION
  2. TISSUE THROMBOPLASTIN CONTAMINATION
  3. MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION
  4. INTERFERENCE WITH ASSAY
  5. REMOVAL OF CONSTITUENTS
  6. EFFECT ON ENZYME ACTION
  7. ALTERATION OF CELLULAR CONSTITUENTS
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21
Q

source of more carryover problems than any other additive

A

EDTA

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22
Q

least interference in tests other than coagulation tests because it occurs naturally
in blood

A

Heparin

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23
Q

necessary for coagulation tests other than prothrombin time or partial thromboplastin time

A

Discard tube

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24
Q

collected first in the order of draw to ensure that they are collected when sterility of the site is optimal and to prevent microbial contamination

Study These Flashcards
A

Blood culture tubes or bottles

25
The additive may contain a substance that is the same or reacts in the same way as the substance being measured
INTERFERENCE WITH ASSAY
26
The additive may remove the constituent to be measured
REMOVAL OF CONSTITUENTS
27
The additive may affect enzyme reactions
EFFECT ON ENZYME ACTION
28
An additive may alter cellular constituents
ALTERATION OF CELLULAR CONSTITUENTS
29
Tests: Blood culture
Additive/s: Sodium polyanethol sulfonate Number of inversions: 8 – 10 times Specimen: Whole blood
30
Tests: Coagulation tests
Additive/s: Sodium citrate (3.2% or 3.8%) Number of inversions: 3 - 4 times Specimen: Whole blood
31
Test: Specialized platelet testing Glass CTAD tube with a light blue Hemogard closure contains
Contains sodium citrate, theophylline, adenosine and dipyridamole
32
Minimizes in vitro platelet activation and the artificial entry of platelet factors into plasma
Glass CTAD tube with a light blue Hemogard closure
33
▪ Thrombin and soybean trypsin inhibitor ▪ Providing serum for determinations of certain fibrin degradation products
Special blue stopper
34
CLSI recommended for coagulation tests on patients with polycythemia or hematocrit reading
3.2% sodium citrate
35
activate platelets and cause erroneous coagulation test results
Overmixing
36
Tests: Stat and routine chemistry tests, ammonia, electrolytes, arterial blood gases
RED Additive/s: Silica (clot activator), none in glass Number of inversions: 5 times for plastic tubes; none for glass tubes Specimen: Serum after centrifugation
37
Blood collected in red stopper glass tubes clots by the normal coagulation process in about
60 minutes
38
Tests: Most chemistry tests; “stat” tests
GOLD Additive/s: Spray-coated silica (to increase platelet activation) and a polymer barrier gel Number of inversions: 5 times, complete clotting within 30 minutes Specimen: Serum after centrifugation
39
suitable for use in the blood bank and for certain immunology and serology because the gel may interfere with immunological reactions
Serum-separator tubes
40
Red/Light Gray and Clear top Function
Discard tube
41
Tests: Chemistry (stat tests), Serology, Blood bank
GREEN Additive/s: Heparin with sodium, lithium or ammonium ion Number of inversions: 5 – 10 times (depending on the manufacturer) Specimen: Whole blood
42
interferes with lithium testing; least interference in chemistry testing and most widely used
Lithium heparin
43
BUN determination
Ammonium heparin
44
sodium in electrolyte panel
Sodium heparin
45
interferes with Wright’s stain and causes the stain to have a blue background on blood smear
heparin
46
only anticoagulant used for the determination of pH, blood gases, electrolytes and blood gases
Heparin
47
Tests: Chemistry with use of plasma
LIGHT GREEN PST Additive/s: Lithium heparin and Polymer gel Number of inversions: 8 times Specimen: Whole blood
48
Tests: Routine hematology procedures (CBC, sedimentation rate)
LAVENDER Additive/s: Spray-dried K2EDTA or Liquid K3EDTA; Powdered Na2EDTA Number of inversions: 8 times Specimen: Whole blood
49
Tests: Blood bank (Compatibility testing)
PINK Additive/s: K2EDTA Number of inversions: 8 times Specimen:Whole blood
50
Tests: Molecular diagnostics but can be used for MI panels and ammonia levels, depending on the test methodology and instrumentation
PEARL/WHITE TOP: PLASMA PREPARATION TUBES Additive/s: Spray-coated K2EDTA Number of inversions: 8 times Specimen: Whole blood
51
Tests: Lactic acid, Glucose tolerance test, Fasting blood sugar, Blood alcohol levels
GRAY Additive/s: Anti-glycolytic agent (Sodium fluoride or Iodoacetate) and Potassium oxalate or Na2EDTA Number of inversions: 8 times Specimen: Whole blood
52
Tests: Stat serum chemistry determinations and samples from patients receiving anticoagulant therapy
THROMBIN-BASED TUBES a. Yellow/gray and Orange top Additive/s: Thrombin – clots within 5 minutes Number of inversions: 8 times Specimen: Serum
53
Tests: Stat serum tests
THROMBIN-BASED TUBES b. Orange top: Rapid serum Tests (RSTs) Additive/s: Thrombin-based medical clotting agent – clots within 5 minutes and separation gel Number of inversions: 5 times Specimen: Serum
54
Tests: Lead determination
TAN Additive/s: K2EDTA Number of inversions: 8 times Specimen: Whole blood
55
Tests: Toxicology, trace metals, nutritional analysis
ROYAL BLUE Additive/s: Spray-coated silicon clot activator or; K2EDTA or Heparin Number of inversions: 8 times Specimen: Serum or plasma
56
Tests: Cellular studies in blood bank, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotyping and DNA and paternity testing
YELLOW Additive/s: Acid Citrate Dextrose Number of inversions: 8 times Specimen: Whole blood
57
Test: Westergren sedimentation rate
BLACK Additive/s: Buffered sodium citrate (4:1 ratio) Number of inversions: 8 times Specimen: Whole blood
58
Tests: Whole blood molecular diagnostics testing;
LIGHT BLUE/BLACK: CELL PREPARATION TUBES (CPT) Additive/s: Sodium citrate and Polyester gel and a Density gradient liquid Number of inversions: 8 times Specimen: Whole blood
59
Tests: Whole blood molecular diagnostics testing
RED/GREEN Additive/s: Sodium heparin and a Polyester gel and Density gradient liquid Number of inversions: 8 times Specimen: Whole blood

PMLS 2 (6 decks)

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