Mod 2 Specimen Collection Flashcards

(46 cards)

1
Q

What type of swab is used to collect specimen for most organisms

A

Polyester tipped swab on a plastic shaft

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2
Q

Swab that should be avoided for collection of viral cultures

A

Calcium alginate. Inactivates HSV

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3
Q

True or false. Specimens for recovery of bacteria should ideally be collected after microbial therapy has started.

A

False. Before

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4
Q

_______ may be toxic to N. gonorrheae

A

Cotton swab

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5
Q

______ shafts should be avoided and may be toxic to C. trachomatis

A

Wooden shaft swab

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6
Q

True or false. Swabs are optimal for detection of anaerobes, mycobacteria or fungi

A

False.(NOT) optimal

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7
Q

Is always superior to a swab specimen for recovery of pathogenic organisms

A

Tissue sample or fluid aspirate

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8
Q

Proper Specimen collection includes:

A
Specimen obtained at site of infection
Minimal contamination
Collected in sterile container (except stool)
Labeled with name and identification #
Source of specimen
Date and time collected
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9
Q

Specimen transport.

Specimen should be placed in:

A

Biohazard bags

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10
Q

Specimen transport.

If a delay happens specimens for detection of C. trachomatis or viruses should be _______ to prevent overgrowth of normal flora

A

Refrigerated

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11
Q

Specimen transport.

If a delay happens specimens for detection of N. gonorrheae should be held at __________

A

Room temperature. (Refrigeration adversely affects recovery of potential pathogens)

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12
Q

Universal precaution:

Should be worn at all times

A

Gloves and lab coat

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13
Q

Universal precaution:

Must be worn when there is risk of splashing droplet formation

A

Gloves + lab coat

Mask, goggles,gowns/apron

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14
Q

True or false. Mycobacteria or fungi should be opened in a biological safety cabinet?

A

True. To prevent contamination of cell cultures

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15
Q

Essential in identifying bacteria responsible for bacteremia, sepsis, infections of prosthetic valves etc.

A

Culture of blood

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16
Q

Blood should be collected for culture before anti microbial therapy when any one or a combination are present:

A
Fever 38 C or greater
Hypothermia 36 c or lower
Leucocytosis
Granulocytopenia
Hypotension
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17
Q

Germane to the detection of microorganisms in the blood

Technique for specimen collection

A

Phlebotomy

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18
Q

True or false. The optimal time to draw blood for cultures when bacteremia or fungemia is suspected is just after a chill?

A

False. Before chills

However because it is not predictable, blood cultures are collected after the onset of fever and chills

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19
Q

True or false. In adults with bacteremia, the number of CFU (colony forming units) per ml is frequently low at (20-30 ml per culture set) compared to infants and children where concentration is higher with (1-5 ml of blood per culture)?

20
Q

Nature of bacteremia:

Manipulation of a focus of infection (abscess, furuncle, cellulitis)

Surgical procedures

Localized infections like pneumonia

A

Transient Bacteremia

21
Q

Nature of bacteremia:

Undrained abscess

A

Intermittent bacteremia

22
Q

Nature of bacteremia:

Hallmark of intravascular infection

A

Continuous bacteremia

23
Q

Manual blood cultures:

Consist of broth medium in a bottle to which a chamber containing agar media on a paddle is attached

Recovery of facultative bacteria and yeast

A

Biphasic system

24
Q

Manual blood cultures:

Inhibit coagulation and the complement cascade, lyse blood cells and provide a cushion for microorganism during centrifugation

A

Lysis centrifugation blood culture system

25
Automated blood culture systems: Enhances recovery of fungi and recovery of bacteria from pts receiving anti microbial agents Color changes are monitored every 10 minutes ( change in color from green to yellow)
Colorimetric detection of Co2
26
Automated blood culture systems: Computer generates growth curves and data are analyzed according to growth algorithms.
Fluorescent technology
27
Detection of positive cultures: Detected within 12-36 hrs of incubation
Aerobic organisms
28
Detection of positive cultures: Identification and susceptibility results 24-48 hours after gram staining
Aerobic organisms
29
Detection of positive cultures: Not detected for 48-72 hrs and identification is not available for 3-4 days after that
Anaerobic organisms
30
Detection of positive cultures: Not detected until 3-5 days
HACEK group ``` Haemophilus Actinobacillus Cardiobacterium Eikenella Kingella ```
31
Detection of viruses like HIV, HCV and HBV to antiviral therapy using:
Quantitative PCR
32
Detection of parasites: Simplest technique Diagnosis of trypanosomiasis or filariasis
Direct mount
33
Detection of parasites: Standard preparation for determining species of plasmodium, babesia, trypanosoma and microfilaria
Thin smear
34
Detection of parasites: Detects all parasites + minimum lab work up for their diagnosis Giemsa stain, allowed to dry for dehemoglobinization
Thick smears
35
It is collected to diagnose meningitis
CSF
36
Agents most commonly responsible for meningitis
Enteroviruses
37
CSF is usually obtained by_______ or is aspirated from the _______ or collected from a ______.
Lumbar spinal puncture Ventricles Shunt
38
Test performed on fluid (CSF):
Tube 1: protein and glucose Tube 2: prep smears to stain with gram stain for culture Tube 3: cell counts Tube 4: special tests (cryptococcal antigen)
39
Diagnosis of neurosyphillis based on findings:
Pleocytosis Elevated protein concentration Positive VDRL
40
Used most often for diagnosis if viral infections of the CNS
Nucleic acid amplification tests
41
Cultures of free living amoebas from CSF are done on _______ plates covered with a suspension of E. Coli
Non nutrient agar plates
42
Fluid is collected from the pericardial, thoracic, or peritoneal cavity or from joint spaces by:
Aspirating with a needle and syringe
43
Most common causes of infectious pericarditis
Enteroviruses ( Cox viruses A and B)
44
The fluid collected in a hydatid cysts specimen is usually:
Clear and contains hydatid sand
45
True or false. Surgeon must obtain an amount of material that is adequate for both histopathologic and microbiological examination of tissues.
True
46
Tissue obtained surgically should be obtained into a:
Sterile, wide mouthed, screw capped container