MOD 5 - COURSE 5 - PT 1 - SEVERITY CLASSIFICATION Flashcards
(18 cards)
HOW IS SEVERITY DETERMINED
- determined by pain, suffering, distress, lasting harm
how is severity assigned
based on the most severe effects likley to be experinced after apply appropriate refinement techniques
ranked order of tisues/organs that have the highest to lowest sensitivty of pain
- teeth adn cornea
- testis, gall bladder
- peripheral nerves - spine
- skin, peritoneuma dnpleura
- perisoteum adn blood vessels
- viscera
- joints adn bones
- encephalic tissue
how are experimental procedures pain severity catagories - classified
- non- recovery
- mild
- moderate
- severe
how would a procedure ranked non-recovery
- performed entirely under general anaesthesia - animals will not regain consciousness
how would a procedure ranked mild
- procedure - result of which aniaml - experience short term mild pain, suffering or distress
how would a procedure ranked moderate
- procedure - liekly to experience short term moderate pain, suffering disterss or long lsting mild pain, suffering or distress
how would a procedure ranked severe
- animal = experience severe pain - suffering or distress - or long lasting moderate pain suffering or distress
what procedures are classed as minimal/subthreshold post procedural pain category
- physical or mechanical restrain temp
- cage changes/transfers
- feeding studies when food restriction doesnt cause any harm
- marking using non-toxic and non-aadversive dyes
what procedures are classed as mild post procedural pain category
- non-invasive imaging of aniamls - appropriate ssedation or anaesthesia
- superficial procedures i.e. ear and tail biopsies, subcutaneous implants
- administration of substance, SC, IM, IP, oral gavage - substance - mild impact on aniamls health
- induction of tumour - cause no detectable clinical adverse effects
- breeding - genetic anaimsl - result in phenotype with mild effect
- short term restraint - metabolic cages - less than 24 hours
- catheter implantation
- tail clipping
- rodent embryo transfers
- orbital sinus venotomy
what procedures are classed as moderate post procedural pain category
- frequent application of test substance - moderate clinical effects
- withdrawal of blood samples - conscious aniaml - few days - without volume replacement
- model of induction of tumours - or spontanoues tumours - expected to cause moderate pain or distress -
- generation - genetically altered aniamls - sugically
- use of metabolic cages >5 days
- withdrawal of food for 48 hours - adult rat
- minor laparotomy incisions
- thyroidectomy
- corneal procedures
- bone marrow collections
- embryo transfer - non rodent species
- thymectomy
- orchidectomy
what procedures are classed as severe post procedural pain category
- toxicity testing - death = endpoint/ fatalities = expected
- vaccine potentcy test - persistent impairment of aniamls conditions, progressive disease elading to death - or long lasting moderate pain etc
- irradiation/ chemotherapy - lethal dose -without reconsitiution of immune system
- reconstitiution with prodiuctio of graft vs host disease
- complete isolation
- major laparotomy/organ incsious
- thoractomy
- heterotrophic organ transplantation
- vertebral procedures
- burn proceudres
- trauma models
- orthopaedic proceudres
what are methods to address post procedural pain relief for mild pain
- pre-emptive analgesia
- tissue infiltration - long lasting local anasthestic
- single does of long acting NSAID
- mixed opiod agonist and antagonist
- another agent
what are methods to address post procedural pain relief for mild or moderate pain
- tissue infiltration - long acting local anesthetic - combined with one or mosre doses of long acting NSAID and or opiods or other agents - in addition to pre-emptive anaglesic administration
what are methods to address post procedural pain relief for moderate - severe pain
- should encompass multimodal anaglesics
- combine pure opiods agonist with NSAIDS - tissue infiltrations - with long acting anaesthetic
what are some non pharmacological treatment options for post procedureal pain MILD
- wound care
- soft absorbant bedding material
- nestin material
- house singly until ambulatory
what are some non pharmacological treatment options for post procedureal pain MODERATE
- wound care
- soft absorbant bedding material
- nestin material
- house singly until ambulatory
- modify access to food and water
- added supplemental heat
what are some non pharmacological treatment options for post procedureal pain SEVERE
- wound care
- soft absorbant bedding material
- nestin material
- house singly until ambulatory
- modify access to food and water
- added supplemental heat
- Supplemented hydrationn - IV, IP, SC - infusion
- increase food apaltiblity
