Mod 6

Question 1

What connects the 2 thalami

Answer 1

Interthalamic adhesion

Question 2

What are the functions of the thalamus

Answer 2

1. Central relay center for sensory data
2. Integrates sensorimotor information
3. Role in cognition and language behavior

Question 3

What two types can the thalamus be divided into?

Answer 3

1. Relay (specific)

2. Diffuse (no specific)

Question 4

Lesions to the thalamus can lead to ______ symptoms that include _____and ____.

Answer 4

1. Aphasic symptoms
2. Anomia
3. Paraphasia

Question 5

The diencephalon includes

Answer 5

1. Thalamus
2. Sub-thalamus
3. Hypothalamus
4. Epithalamus

Question 6

The relay nuclei lie mainly in the _____ thalamus

Answer 6

Lateral

Question 7

The diffuse (non-specific) thalamus receive input from ____, ___, and ____

Answer 7

Brainstem reticular formation (RF)
other thalamic nuclei
Basal forebrain

Question 8

Which thalamic nuclei is related functionally to the limbic system

Answer 8

Anterior nucleus

Question 9

____ nucleus projects to the cingulate gurus

Answer 9

Anterior

Question 10

The anterior nucleus mediates

Answer 10

Affective, emotional and visceral information

Question 11

True or false: the reticular nucleus is related to the B.S R.F

Answer 11

False, not related

Question 12

The reticular nucleus receives input from axon collateral of:

Answer 12

Thalamocortical fibers (specific and diffuses)
Corticothalamus fibers (specific and diffuse)

Question 13

The ___ nucleus is located at the rostral end of the thalamus

Answer 13

Anterior

Question 14

Which of the following does not project to the cortex:
Anterior nucleus
Reticular nucleus
Intralaminar nucleus

Answer 14

Reticular

Question 15

What is the role of the reticular nucleus

Answer 15

Regulate the level of activity of thalamic neurons –> indirectly influencing the cerebral cortex

Question 16

Which thalamic nucleus has a role in pain perception?

Answer 16

Intralaminar

Question 17

The intralaminar nucleus modulates

Answer 17

Excitability/arousal of neurons related to the sensorimotor integration and cognitive behavior in BG and cerebral cortex

Question 18

Which thalamic nucleus has extensive connections with other thalamic nuclei and with and prefrontal cortex and limbic systems

Answer 18

Dorsomedial nucleus

Question 19

True or false: the dorsomedial nucleus receives primary in put from the amygdala

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Where does the dorsomedial nucleus send output to?

Answer 20

Prefrontal lobes, especially frontal eye field (area 8)

Question 21

The dorsomedial nucleus function

Answer 21

Intergrates visceral info with affect, emotions, thought processes and judgement. May regulate mood

Question 22

Destruction of the _____ lowers threshold for rage

Answer 22

Dorsomedial nucleus

Question 23

Lesions associated with memory loss and chronic alcoholism is known as _____

Answer 23

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Question 24

The ____ constitutes the posterior portion of the thalamus

Answer 24

Pulvinar

Question 25

The pulvinar is believed to make important contributions to

Answer 25

Language formulation, processing, lexical properties, reading and writing

Question 26

Lesions to the pulvinar thalamus can cause

Answer 26

Aphasia, including naming disturbances (anomia) and fluency disorders

Question 27

The ventral nuclear complex serves as the relay center for

Answer 27

Specific sensory and motor information

Question 28

The Ventral anterior nucleus

Answer 28

Voluntary skilled movement via afferent connections with BG | Efferent connections with premotor cortex (area 6) and motor cortex (area 4)

Question 29

True or false: Ventral lateral nucleus is a sensory relay nucleus

Answer 29

False: motor

Question 30

Which ventral nucleus is important in regulation of volitional movements

Answer 30

Ventral lateral nucleus

Question 31

The Ventral lateral nucleus receives afferents from the ___ and ____ and sends efferent to _____

Answer 31

``` Cerebellum and globus pallidus Motor cortex (area 4) ```

Question 32

Dyskinesia results in

Answer 32

Lesions/disruptions in motor movements

Question 33

Ventricular posterior nucleus includes

Answer 33

Ventral posteriorlateral nucleus and ventral posteromedial nucleus

Question 34

The ventral posteriolateral nucleus is ____ relay nucleus

Answer 34

Sensory

Question 35

Which ventral nucleus relays via internal capsule and corona radiata to the upper 2/3s of primary somesthetic cortex

Answer 35

Ventral posteriolateral nucleus

Question 36

Which ventral nucleus receives sensations from the head and face? Via what nerve?

Answer 36

Ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) | Trigeminal nerve

Question 37

What does the thalamic syndrome do

Answer 37

Increases thresholds for sensations of pain, temperature, touch, pressure on side of body contralateral to lesion.

Question 38

What is the thalamic relay center for vision

Answer 38

Lateral geniculate body

Question 39

What is the thalamic relay center for audition

Answer 39

Medial geniculate body

Question 40

The medial geniculate body sends efferent projections via the ___ through ___ and ___ to _____

Answer 40

Auditory radiation Internal capsule Corona radata Heschl's gyrus

Question 41

The inhibitory neurotransmitters of the thalamus

Answer 41

GABA = gamma aminobutyric acid | - regulate leave of activity of thalamic nuclei

Question 42

The excitatory neurotransmitter of the thalamus

Answer 42

Glutamate

Question 43

The ____ consists of the pineal gland and habenular nucleus

Answer 43

Epithalamus

Question 44

The subthalamus is functionally a part of ___

Answer 44

BG Bidirectional connections to the globus pallidus Contributions to motor behavior

Question 45

What is the function of the hypothalamus

Answer 45

Regulates body functions Control center for ANS Body homeostasis