Mod 9 - test review Flashcards
(23 cards)
Functions of the spinal cord
- transmit signals to and from the brain
- two way passage way for nerve signals
- sensory and motor innervation
- part of CNS
How many spinal nerves
31
- 8 cervical
- 12 thoracic
- 5 lumbar
- 5 sacral
- 1 Coccygeal
Filum terminal
long filament that connects the spinal cord to the coccyx to prevent side to side movement
Conus Medullaris
- end of the spinal cord
Cauda Equina
- bundle of nerve roots at inferior end of vertebral canal
Layers of meninges
- dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
- epidural space (fat and veins), subdural space, subarachnoid space
Dorsal and ventral roots
- connect to spinal cord
Dorsal root ganglion
- carries sensory cell bodies
Dorsal and ventral rami
- split after spinal nerve
Dorsal horns carry
sensory neurons
Dorsal root ganglia carry
cell bodies
Ventral horns carry
motor neurons
Spinal nerves carry
both sensory and motor axons
Ventral and dorsal rami carry
both sensory and motor fibers
What are reflexes
- simple neuron chain
- basic structure plan of nervous system
- exclude the brain
- include: rapid, automatic, unlearned motor response to stimuli
- somatic (hot stove) vs visceral (vomit)
- signal comes in and synapses at spinal cord
- motor neurons stimulate and inhibit appropriate
- patellar reflex: clinical test of muscle groups and spinal nerves
Dermatomes
- areas of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve
- all except C1 have a dermatome
- numbness can pinpoint spinal cord injuries
What ventral rami contribute to the plexuses
Cervical
- C1-C4
Brachial
- C5-T1
Lumbar
- L1-L4
Sacral
- L4-S4
Phrenic nerve
- innervated diaphragm
- C3-C5
Components of brachial plexus
- axillary, radial, ulnar, median, musculocutaneous
- roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches
Lumbosacral plexus
Lumbar
- femoral
- obturator
Sacral
- superior gluteal
- inferior gluteal
- sciatic: common fibular and tibial
- Pudendal
Autonomic NS
General visceral motor control of the PNS
- regulate smooth and cardiac muscle and glands
- regulate heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, body temp, and homeostasis
- control “routine” functions of physiological systems
Sympathetic NS
- fight or flight
- increase heart rate
- increase respiration
- increase adrenaline
- decrease digestion
- pupils dilate
- live releases sugar into blood
- blood goes to muscles and brain
- exercise, excitement
parasympathetic NS
- rest and digest
- decrease heart rate
- decrease respiration
- increase digestion
- blood flow increase to viscera
- pupil constrict
- daily functioning
