Module 11 - test review Flashcards
(28 cards)
Function of the urinary sys
- storage of urine
- excretion of urine
- regulate blood volume
- regulate ion balance/acid-base balance
Location and protection of kidneys
- retroperitoneally
- floating ribs protect
Nephron
- smallest functional unit of a kidney
- found in the pyramids
- produce urine through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
functions of renal corpuscle
Filtration of blood
- glomerulus is capillary bed
- afferent arterioles bring blood in
- glomerular capsule captures filtrate pushed out of capillaries
- blood exits out efferent tubule
- filtrate travels though renal tubule
Functions of renal tubules
Filtrate enters tubules from renal corpuscle
- proximal convoluted tubule: reabsorption and secretion
- loop of Henle: reabsorption of water and solutes
- distal convoluted tubule secretes ions, some water reabsorption
- collecting ducts extend into papilla
- once ducts exit, it is urine
Pathway of filtrates from glomerulus to the bladder
- made in pyramids
- papilla
- minor calyx
- major calyx
- renal pelvis
- ureter
Urinary tract includes
- ureters, bladder, and urethra
Where are the ureters located
- retroperitoneally
- connects from kidneys to bladder
Detrusor muscle
- expandable muscle layer of the bladder
- stores and expels urine
Trigone
- stationary region that directs urine to urethra and is located posteriorly between openings of uerters
How do we urinate
- controlled by the brain
- when bladder is full, stretch receptors send signals to the pons
- detrusor muscle contracts and squeezes the urine out the urethra
Internal and External urethral sphincters
Internal
- involuntary
External
- voluntary
what is perineum and what are the two sections
- diamond shaped space between thighs, divided into two triangles
Urogenital triangle
- from pubic symphysis to ischial tuberosities
- contains urethral and vaginal orifices
Anal triangle
- bound by ischial tuberosities and coccyx
- contains anus
Gonads and Gamets
Gonads
- sex organs: testes and scrotum, ovaries
Gametes
- product of gonads: sperm and eggs
female and male homologues
- labia majora and scrotum
- labia minora and scrotal midline
- glans clitoris and glans penis
- bulb of vestibule and corpus spongiosum
- corpora cavernosa
- ovaries and testes
Bulbospongiosus muscle
- covers corpus spongiosum in males
- cover bulb of vestibule in females
Ischiocavernosus muscle
- cover corpora cavernosa in males and females
Where do eggs fertilize and implant?
- fertilization: fallopian tubes
- implantation: endometrium of uterus
Layers of the uterus
Perimetrium
- outer serous layer
- broad ligament
Myometrium
- smooth muscle layer
- pushes feus out during birth
Endometrium
- lining of the uterus
- simple columnar
- nourish fetus or is shed during menstruation
Parts of the uterus
fundus
- rounded top
Body
- main portion
Isthmus
- narrow region inferior to body
Cervix
- neck of uterus
- hold it closed during pregnancy
Ligaments of the uterus and ovaries
Round ligament
Broad Ligament
- peritoneum that hangs over the uterus
Suspensory ligament
- attaches ovary to pelvic wall
- ovarian artery and veins pass here
Ovarian ligament
- attaches ovary to uterus
Lactiferous ducts and sinuses
Ducts
- transport milk from alveoli to the sinus
Sinus
- milk accumulates in the nipple
Glands contributing to seminal fluid
- seminal vesicle
- prostate
- bulbourethral
Cremaster muscle
- raise and lower testes to maintain proper temp of the scrotum so sperm survive
