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MOD1PART2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements regarding Vitiligo is true

A. It has male preponderance
B. Develops at any age
C. Common in Asian population
D. Acrofacial vitiligo is the common subtype

A

B. Develops at any age

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2
Q

Common cause of generalized vitiligo

A. Diabetes mellitus type 2
B. Pheochromocytoma
C. rheumatoid arthritis
D. Euthyroid syndrome

A

C. rheumatoid arthritis

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3
Q

Which of the ff gene loci is the key enzyme for melanin biosynthesis and major autoantigen of GV

A. HLA1
B. LPP
C. RERE
D. TYR

A

D. TYR

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4
Q

Which of the following best describes chemical leukoderma

A. Presence of Phenolic compounds
B. Sporadic
C. Having both keratinocytes and melanocytes
D. Laminin 2

A

A. Presence of Phenolic compounds

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5
Q

Which of the following BEST describes focal vitiligo

A. Affects the distal end of fingers and facial orifices in a circumferential pattern
B. Depigmentation of mucous membrane alone
C. The most common presentation of GV
D. Localized, non-segmental distribution

A

D. Localized, non-segmental distribution

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6
Q

Which if the following is true regarding the clinical presentation of vitiligo

A. Lesions are milk-white macules with fairly homogenous pigmentation, and ill-defined borders
B. Has a predilection for non-exposed body regions
C. Leukotrichia may be noted, predicting a poor therapeutic response
D. Vitiligo may occur at different body sites but not at sites of skin trauma

A

C. Leukotrichia may be noted, predicting a poor therapeutic response

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7
Q

25 year old male. Hypopigmentation at both hands and feet for 3 years. It is believed to be vitiligo. Which of the following is true

A. Skin laboratory test for autoimmune disease is required to confirm vitiligo
B. If there are no other symptoms, no further test is needed
C. Vitiligo is unlikely if skin biopsy shows residual melanocytes
D. Vitiligo is confirmed after skin biopsy confirms lesions are devoid of melanocytes

A

B. If there are no other symptoms, no further test is needed

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8
Q

Ms. X is a 35 year old female who complained of hypopigmented lesion noted on both hands, bilateral axillary area, and both knees. Based on clinical course and PE, vitiligo was the primary consideration. Ms. X’s condition is best classified a

A. Vitiligo universalis
B. Segmental vitiligo
C. Focal vitiligo
D. Vitiligo vulgaris

A

D. Vitiligo vulgaris

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9
Q

Which of the ff factors is attributed to trigger development of vitiligo?

A. Cold environment
B. Vitamin deficiency
C. Topical steroids
D. Infection

A

B. Vitamin deficiency

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10
Q

Children with vitiligo localized on the face is best treated with

A. Clobetasol
B. Methoxsalen
C. Calcipotriol
D. tacrolimus

A

A. Clobetasol

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11
Q

Nonresponse to NB-UVB is defined as absence of repigmentation following adequate therapy of _ month(s) duration?

A. 1
B. 3
C. 6
D. 9

A

B. 3

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12
Q

Which of the following presenting feature of vitiligo is an indicator of poor prognosis?

A. Acral location of lesions
B. Increased area of involvement
C. Nikolsky sign
D. Leukotrichosis

A

D. Leukotrichosis

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13
Q

A 10 year old girl with generalized leprosy has been on photochemotherapy for over a year. Prolonged use of this modality warrants monitoring of?

A. Renal
B. Liver Function
C. Vision
D. Hematology

A

C. Vision

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14
Q

Which of these treatment modalities directly activates melanogenic pathways?

A. Micropigmentation
B. NB-UVB
C. Calcineurin inhibitors
D. Topical Vitamin D Derivatives

A

D. Topical Vitamin D Derivatives

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15
Q

Tinea Versicolor is most common in:

A. Asians
B. adolescents
C. fair skinned individuals
D. women

A

B. adolescents

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16
Q

_____ inhibits the action of tyrosinase in the melanin formation pathway, which results in persistent hypopigmentation

A. Pityriacitrin
B. Arachidonic acid
C. Azelaic acid
D. Lipase

A

C. Azelaic acid

17
Q

A group of medical students were assigned to isolate the Malassezia furfur in diff. various fungus in their microbiology class. Which of the ff
feature help them identify the organism?

A. Polymorphism
B. Lipophilic organism in vivo with the addition of C12-C14 fatty acids
C. Conversion of saprophytic yeast to predominantly parasitic mycelial form
D. Able to filter natural sunlight and does not interfere normal tanning

A

C. Conversion of saprophytic yeast to predominantly parasitic mycelial form

18
Q

A group of medical students were assigned to isolate the Malassezia furfur in diff. various fungus in their microbiology class. Which of the ff. feature help them identify the organism?

A. Polymorphism
B. Lipophilic organism in vivo with the addition of C12-C14 fatty acids
C. Conversion of saprophytic yeast to predominantly parasitic mycelial form
D. Able to filter natural sunlight and does not interfere normal tanning

A

C. Conversion of saprophytic yeast to predominantly parasitic mycelial form

19
Q

A 23 year old consulted a dermatologist due to scaly oval to round skin lesions scattered on his upper trunk, neck and upper arms. He claimed to have recurrences since college. He tried to apply various kinds of lotions but failed. On PE, white to pink macules and patches with wrinkled surface appearance. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Seborrheic dermatitis
B. Psoriasis
C. Pityriasis versicolor
D. Vitiligo

A

C. Pityriasis versicolor

20
Q

Based on the preceding problem in #21, what is the preferred treatment for this case?

A. Selenium sulfide lotion
B. Terbinafine solution
C. Oral ketoconazole

A

C. Oral ketoconazole

21
Q

Which of the following is true regarding prevention of versicolor?

A. Recurrence is seldom observed
B. Prevention of recurrences is helpful in limiting long lasting dyschromia
C. The condition results in permanent scars
D. A regimen of topical agents is successful in preventing recurrence

A

B. Prevention of recurrences is helpful in limiting long lasting dyschromia

22
Q

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the epidemiologic data on leprosy?

A. Leprosy is associated with poverty and rural residence
B. It is associated with HIV/AIDS
C. Some individuals are naturally immune to leprosy
D. Peak onset of leprosy is second and third decades of life

A

B. It is associated with HIV/AIDS

23
Q

Outer wall component of mycobacterium that allows to penetrate the peripheral nerves

A. lipoarabinomannan
B. mycolic acids
C. phenolic glycolipid
D. laminin 2

A

C. phenolic glycolipid

24
Q

Which of the following is a known risk factor for leprosy?

A. Immunocompromised state
B. Genetic susceptibility
C. Poor hygiene
D. Poverty

A

D. Poverty

25
Q

A, a 39 year old female was just diagnosed with leprosy. Her boyfriend B, was also diagnosed with leprosy 3 months ago, but was unable to undergo treatment due to stigma associated with leprosy. A and B live in the same house in a rural area endemic for leprosy. She also noted a lot of mosquitoes in the vicinity. Due to lack of treatment, B’s lesions began to spread and became worse. The following are
important routes of transmission in the spread of M. leprae, which may have led to A developing leprosy EXCEPT:

A. Frequent touching and skin to skin contact with B
B. Nasal droplet spread, when B sneezes
C. Contact with infected soil around their house
D. Vector-based spread, when the mosquito that had bitten B harbored the bacterium the bites A

A

A. Frequent touching and skin to skin contact with B

26
Q

Leprosy can affect testicular function in men and lead to loss of testosterone production. This can be confirmed by which of the following laboratory parameters?

A. Increased level of LH and TSH
B. Abnormal sperm forms on sperm analysis
C. Low sperm counts on sperm analysis
D. Elevated serum testosterone

A

A. Increased level of LH and TSH

27
Q

PG went to your clinic with complaints of hypopigmented macules on both hands, anhydrosis at sole and palms, paresthesia. Treated 2 weeks ago with ketoconazole ointment and hydrocortisone cream and made lesions worse. Lives in rural area known to be endemic of Leprosy. What test will you order to confirm diagnosis.

A. PCR
B. Culture with skin
C. Skin biopsy with Ziehl Neelson staining
D. AFB staining with skin scrapings

A

C. Skin biopsy with Ziehl Neelson staining

28
Q

Which of the ff laboratory findings is the standard diagnostic criterion that confirms the diagnosis of Leprosy for most clinical cases?

A. The presence of M. leprae DNA in skin scrapings.
B. The positive culture of M. leprae from skin lesions.
C. The presence of epithelioid cell granulomas found infiltrating within the nerves
D. D. The presence of AFB-positive cell stains within the dermis

A

C. The presence of epithelioid cell granulomas found infiltrating within the nerves

29
Q

Which of the ff laboratory findings is the standard diagnostic criterion that confirms the diagnosis of Leprosy for most clinical cases?

A. The presence of M. leprae DNA in skin scrapings.
B. The positive culture of M. leprae from skin lesions.
C. The presence of epithelioid cell granulomas found infiltrating within the nerves
D. The presence of AFB-positive cell stains within the dermis

A

C. The presence of epithelioid cell granulomas found infiltrating within the nerves

30
Q

A 58 year old male in dermatology OPD for skin lesions. You noted symmetrically distributed skin nodules, raised plaques, diffuse subdermal infiltration, loss of eyebrow and dry scaling of the skin. After confirmation of your diagnosis, you recommended dapsone. What regimen would you advice?

A. Give the drug as monotherapy for 5 years
B. Administer together with rifampin for 6 months
C. Provide clofazimine for 2 years
D. Dapsone with clofazimine unsupervised; rifampin with clofazimine monthly for 2 years

A

D. Dapsone with clofazimine unsupervised; rifampin with clofazimine monthly for 2 years

31
Q

Which of the ff is the recommended antimicrobial regimen for treatment of paucibacillary leprosy?

A. Clofazimine 100mg for 2 years
B. Dapsone 100mg/d and Clofazimine for for 6 months
C. Rifampin 600mg/d and Dapsone 100mg/d for 3 years
D. Dapsone 100mg for 5 years

A

D. Dapsone 100mg for 5 years

32
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about Leprosy prevention and control?

A. Vaccination at birth with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has
proved variably effective in preventing leprosy with results ranging from total inefficacy to 80% efficacy
B. Chemoprophylaxis with dapsone has reduced the number of tuberculoid leprosy cases, thus it can be used as prophylaxis for close/household contacts
C. Leprosy transmission appears to require close, prolonged household contact, thus, hospitalized patients need not be isolated
D. Single dose rifampin prophylaxis is of doubtful efficacy

A

B. Chemoprophylaxis with dapsone has reduced the number of tuberculoid leprosy cases, thus it can be used as
prophylaxis for close/household contacts

33
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about Leprosy prevention and control?

A. Vaccination at birth with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has proved variably effective in preventing leprosy with results ranging from total inefficacy to 80% efficacy
B. Chemoprophylaxis with dapsone has reduced the number of tuberculoid leprosy cases, thus it can be used as prophylaxis for close/household contacts
C. Leprosy transmission appears to require close, prolonged household contact, thus, hospitalized patients need not be isolated
D. Single dose rifampin prophylaxis is of doubtful efficacy

A

B. Chemoprophylaxis with dapsone has reduced the number of tuberculoid leprosy cases, thus it can be used as prophylaxis for close/household contacts

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