Model Organisms

Question 1

what are the advantages of drosophila

Answer 1

small organism, short generation time, large batches of embryos

Question 2

What are the genetic advantages of drosophila

Answer 2

sequenced genome, detail cytological & genetic map

Question 3

What are the useful techniques for drosophila

Answer 3

mutagenesis, transgenesis, clonal analysis

Question 4

What are the disadvantages of drosophila

Answer 4

small embryo - cannot be used for grafting experiments

Question 5

describe the egg development of drosophila

Answer 5

develop in egg chambers, 1 oocyte & 15 nurse cells

Question 6

what do the nurse cells provide in drosophila

Answer 6

maternal stores for oocyte

Question 7

Describe the blastoderm of the drosophila

Answer 7

syncytial

Question 8

Describe a syncytial blastoderm

Answer 8

all cleavage nuclei are within a common cytoplasm

Question 9

How many segments does the drosophila have

Answer 9

14

Question 10

how many cells is C.Elegans made of

Answer 10

959

Question 11

What are the stages of C.Elegans development

Answer 11

pronuclei fuse, first cleavage, invariant lineage

Question 12

Describe invariant lineage

Answer 12

every cell develops in the same way

Question 13

What are the advantages of C.Elegans

Answer 13

Small, short generation time, hermaphrodite

Question 14

What are the genetic advantages of C.Elegans

Answer 14

sequenced genome, invariant lineage

Question 15

What are the useful techniques used on C.Elegans

Answer 15

mutagenesis, cell ablation, RNAi

Question 16

What are the advantages of danio rerio

Answer 16

small vertebrate, large embryo batches, transparent embryo, haploid development possible, easy access

Question 17

What are the useful techniques used on danio rerio

Answer 17

mutagenesis, cell transplantations, injections, transgenesis

Question 18

What are the disadvantages of danio rerio

Answer 18

large genome

Question 19

What symptoms are associated with cls zebrafish mutant

Answer 19

ear defects, less pigment cells, un-inflated swim bladder, enteric neurons missing

Question 20

What is the cls zebrafish mutant a model for

Answer 20

waardenburg syndrome type IV

Question 21

Describe unstable transgenes

Answer 21

stays in the nucleus

Question 22

describe the expression of unstable transgenes

Answer 22

extrachromosomal expression that is lost over time

Question 23

What is a transgenic animal

Answer 23

animal that carries a gene incorporated into genome by recombinant technology

Question 24

describe the integration of stable transgenes

Answer 24

permanent integration into chromosome

Question 25

What are the advantages of mouse

Answer 25

small vertebrate, mammal, ES cells

Question 26

What useful techniques can be used on mice

Answer 26

targeted transgenesis, mutagenesis

Question 27

What are the disadvantages of mice

Answer 27

poor accessibility, small batches of embryos, expensive

Question 28

What human diseases have been modelled using knockouts

Answer 28

cystic fibrosis, atherosclerosis

Question 29

What characteristics are required for physical manipulation

Answer 29

large robust embryo, resistance to infection

Question 30

What process was the sea urchin used to illustrate

Answer 30

gastrulation

Question 31

What did isolating the sea urchin animal halves at the 8 cell stage produce

Answer 31

abnormal embryos

Question 32

What organisms undergo holoblastic cleavage

Answer 32

worm, xenopus, mouse and human

Question 33

What organism undergo meroblastic cleavage

Answer 33

zebrafish, and chick

Question 34

What organism undergo superficial cleavage

Answer 34

drosophila

Question 35

what are the advantages of xenopus

Answer 35

external fertilisation, large batches of embryo, robust embryo,

Question 36

What useful techniques can be used on xenopus

Answer 36

injections, tissue transplants and transgenesis

Question 37

What are the disadvantages of xenous

Answer 37

long generation time and yolky embryo

Question 38

What are the advantages of the chicken

Answer 38

big embryo, amniote

Question 39

What are the disadvantages of the chicken

Answer 39

not accessible early, genetic analysis difficult

Question 40

what useful techniques can be used on the chicken

Answer 40

tissue transplantations, retroviral infection, electroporation