Model Systems III

Question 1

age-1

Answer 1

first described longevity gene

Question 2

fertility and lifespan

Answer 2

a tradeoff as depicted by mutation in age-1

Question 3

dauer larvae

Answer 3

live at least 7x longer

Question 4

what do dauer larvae form in response to

Answer 4

high population density, high temperature, low food

Question 5

daf-c

Answer 5

constitutively dauer

Question 6

daf-d

Answer 6

can never enter dauer

Question 7

(lf) allele

Answer 7

loss of function

Question 8

(rf) allele

Answer 8

reduction of function

Question 9

(gf) allele

Answer 9

gain of function

Question 10

daf-2 mutants are conditional, meaning…

Answer 10

mutant at one temperature, wild-type at another

Question 11

permissive temperature

Answer 11

folded protein

Question 12

daf-2 promotes

Answer 12

dauer exit

Question 13

a daf-2 mutant is

Answer 13

always a dauer

Question 14

daf-2 also

Answer 14

encodes an insulin/IGF-like receptor

Question 15

daf-16 promotes

Answer 15

dauer entry

Question 16

daf-16 class

Answer 16

daf-d

Question 17

phenotype that wins in epistasis test is…

Answer 17

the downstream gene

Question 18

FOXO on

Answer 18

longevity

Question 19

FOXO off

Answer 19

shorter lifespan

Question 20

age-1 is activated by

Answer 20

daf-2 signaling

Question 21

age-1; daf-16

Answer 21

does not live long

Question 22

if genes are in the same pathway

Answer 22

always same longevity outcome

Question 23

if genes are in parallel pathway

Answer 23

when you hit a gene in each pathway, outcome is additive

Question 24

age-1 and daf-2

Answer 24

act in same pathway

Question 25

daf-2 is like

Answer 25

insulin receptor

Question 26

age-1 is like

Answer 26

PI3 kinase

Question 27

daf-16 is like

Answer 27

FOXO

Question 28

high signaling, pathway on

Answer 28

daf-16 activity off

Question 29

down regulation of daf-2 insulin pathway

Answer 29

causes no phosphorylation of DAF-16, so it can translocate into the nucleus to promote transcription

Question 30

daf-16 (insulin) target genes

Answer 30

stress resistance, antioxidant, protein folding

Question 31

human homologs

Answer 31

c. elegan lifespan genes

Question 32

in drosophilia, mutation of daf-2

Answer 32

increased mean lifespan of females

Question 33

insulin/IGF signaling public or private?

Answer 33

public

Question 34

FIRKO in mouse

Answer 34

extended longevity in mice lacking the insulin receptor only in adipose tissue

Question 35

decrease in GH, decrease in insulin

Answer 35

results in longevity

Question 36

IGF-1

Answer 36

in adults tissue growth, cell division and cell survival

Question 37

IGF-2

Answer 37

primarily fetal - growth

Question 38

insulin

Answer 38

metabolism by promoting glucose uptake

Question 39

high levels of insulin like signaling

Answer 39

promotes growth, reproduction

Question 40

low levels of insulin like signaling

Answer 40

promotes maintenance, stress resistance (dauer)

Question 41

target of rapamycin

Answer 41

TOR

Question 42

down regulation of TOR

Answer 42

extends longevity

Question 43

regulates eukaryotic growth and cell division

Answer 43

TOR

Question 44

is TOR conserved

Answer 44

yes

Question 45

TORC1 inhibited by

Answer 45

rapamycin

Question 46

mTORC1 complex

Answer 46

contains Raptor and PRAS40

Question 47

mTORC2 complex

Answer 47

contains Rictor, mSin1, and Protor-1/2

Question 48

downside of rapamycin

Answer 48

immunosuppressant