Models of Psychopathology Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are the 3 types of classification models?
Categorical, Dimensional, Alternative
How does a hybrid approach work?
It is categorical in the way that you either have the disorder or you don’t, but dimensional in that the disorder can then be on a spectrum of severity
What is the difference between the ICD-II and the DSM-5?
The ICD-II is for administration/billing
The DSM-5 is for clinical practice
What does the DSM-5 base its diagnosis off?
Clinical interviews, text descriptions, diagnostic criteria
What must the DSM-5 rule out before making a diagnosis?
Medical conditions, substance abuse, culture
What types of specifiers are there after a diagnosis is made?
Severity, treatment relevancy, longitudinal course
What are the 4 P’s of Biopsychosocial Case Formulation? What do they mean?
Predisposing Factors - Increase susceptibility to the mental disorder
Precipitating Factors - Contributes to the occurrence of the mental disorder
Perpetuating Factors - Maintains occurrence or worsens symptoms of the mental disorder
Protective Factors - Protect against the mental disorder
How can the different biopsychosocial factors be categorised?
They can each be biological, psychological, or social
What is the Biopsychosocial Paradigm?
The model that shows how biological, social, and psychological factors all contribute to mental health
What were the historical models of psychopathology, and who pioneered them?
Psychoanalytic - Sigmund Freud (THE GOAT)
Behavioural - B.F. Skinner
Cognitive - Aaron T. Beck
What was the psychoanalytic paradigm?
That the unconscious has a profound influence on us every day and these thoughts and feelings are largely the cause of psychopathology
What was the behavioural paradigm?
Centered around classical and operant conditioning - psychopathology was from maladaptive stimulus-response associations
What is the cognitive paradigm?
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) - How our thoughts, emotions, and behaviours affect our actions. Situation -> Belief -> Behaviours, emotions, physical responses.
Summarise the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)
Higher-order dimensions -> Spectra (Internalising, thoughts, externalising, detachment) -> Subspectra (Fear, mania, antisocial behaviour) -> Syndrome (GAD, Depression etc) -> Components (Maladaptive Traits) -> Symptoms
How does the DSM-5 diagnose differently to the HiTOP?
The DSM-5 would diagnose two disorders as being seperate co-occuring disorders
The HiTOP may find that they fall under the same spectrum/subspectrum and therefore focus on treating the core dysregulation > each disorder seperately
What are Normative Statistical Models?
Models that show the tradectory of most people to see if a particular person is deviating from stastically normal functioning.
What is the Research Domain Criteria Model (RDoC)?
Focuses on the neurobiology and environment that causes certain signs and symptoms (through looking at data) and show that these are how we can assess people rather than the symptoms that come out of them. Transdiagnostic approach.
What are the three kinds of Anti-Psychiatry approaches?
Thomas Szasz - Mental illness is a myth
J.D. Laing - Psychiatry inappropriately pathologises normal reaction to adverse situations
Michael Foucault/Erving Goffman - Psychiatry enforces societal norms - causes harm
What is the Power, Threat, Meaning Framework (PTMF)? What are the 7 patterns of responses?
The PTMF considers how power has operated in someone’s life, how this may have threatened them, and what was the meaning of these experiences. The seven responses to these experiences are:
- Identities
- Surviving Rejection
- Surviving Adversities
- Surviving Seperation
- Surviving Defeat/Loss
- Surviving Shame
- Surviving Threats
(SARDIST)
