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Clinical Psychology > Models of therapy and psychological thinking > Flashcards

Models of therapy and psychological thinking Flashcards

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1
Q

What does CBT stand for ?

A

Cognitive Bheaviroal therapy

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2
Q

What is the main focus of CBT?

A

Focuses on how thoughts, beliefs attitudes affect your feelings and behaviour

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3
Q

What kind of therapy is CBT?

A

Talking therapy

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4
Q

two therapies combined in CBT

A

Cognitive therapy and behaviour therapy

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5
Q

What is MIND?

A

mental health charity

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6
Q

Aaron Beck

A

American psychiatrist
Father of cognitive therapy and CBT
Theories used in the treatment of clinical depression and various anxiety disorders (i.e. Becks triad)

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7
Q

What mental health conditions is CBT most commonly used to treat?

A

Anxiety and depression

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8
Q

How does CBT deal with overwhelming problems

A

By breaking it down into smaller, managable parts

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9
Q

Main goal of CBT ?

A

Help respond in a more psoitive and effective way

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10
Q

What is Psychodynamic psycotherapy?

A

form of depth psychology, the primary focus of which is to reveal the unconscious content of a client’s psyche to alleviate psychic tension.

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11
Q

What are some theraputic interventions that draw on the PP model?

A
  • Psychodynamic psychotherapy
  • Art psychoterapy
  • Play therapy
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12
Q

Sigmund Freud

A
  • Austrian neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis
    developed therapeutic techniques - free association, transference
  • Developed theory of unconcious with a model of psychic structure - id, ego, super ego
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13
Q

What is free association accoridng to Freud

A

practice of allowing the patient to discuss thoughts, dreams, memories, or words, regardless of coherency

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14
Q

What is transference according to Sigmund Freud?

A

the patient unconsciously projecting feelings, thoughts, and behaviors from past relationships onto the therapist

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15
Q

What is the role of the id, ego and superego

A

Id - pleasure, immediate gratification
Ego - reality, balacing id and superego
superego - morality, acts as conscience

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16
Q

What is Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic psychotherapy?

A

To help people understand and change deep, often unconscious emotional and relationship problems to reduce symptoms and alleviate distress.

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17
Q

Who can benefit from psychoanalytic or psychodynamic psychotherapy besdies those with mental health problems?

A

People experiencing a loss of meaning in life or seeking a greater sense of fulfilment.

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18
Q

What does PP draw on?

A

Theories and practises of analytical psychology and psychoanalysis

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19
Q

How does PP differ from other thrapies ?

A

It aims for deep-seated change in personality and emotional development.

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20
Q

major focus of psychodynamic psychotherapy

A

inner world and unconcious influences

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21
Q

Psychodynamic vs psychoanalysis

A

psychodynamic: uses psychoanalysis principles adapted to a less intensive style of working, usually at a frequency of once or twice per week.

psychoanalysis: 50 minutes, 4-5 times a week

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22
Q

Hermann Rorscach

A

Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst

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23
Q

What is the Rorscach test?

A

Psychological test using inkblots to explore unconcious aspects of personality

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24
Q

What does the Rorscach test aim to measure?

A

Unconcious parts of the subjects persoanlity

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25
conditions the R test can help identify
Personality disorders, psychotic disorders and neurological disorders
26
How is the Rorschach test administered?
A person is shown a series of inkblots and asked what each one looks like or reminds them of.
27
What do psychologists use this test for ?
Examine a person's personality and emotional functioning.
28
What is systemic therapy ?
addresses individuals within the context of their relationships and group dynamics, focusing on patterns of interaction in systems like families, schools, or communities.
29
Roots of systemic therapy
Family therapy Milan school of Mara Selvini Palazzoli
30
How does systemic therapy approach problems?
Practically rather than analytically does not attempt to determine past causes
31
What does systemic therapy identify
stagnent patterns of behaviour in groups like families and addresses these patterns directly
32
Systemic therapists' role in facilitating change?
help systems change themselves by introducing creative nudges
33
What does the postmodern perspective in systemic therapy emphasize about therapist's power?
The therapist humbly recognizes they cannot change people or systems directly.
34
What does systemic therapy focus on instead of treating causes or symptoms?
Giving living systems nudges to develop new patterns and a new organizational structure that allows growth.
35
what is the main goal of narrative therapy?
help people identify their values and skills to live by those values and confront problems effectively.
36
How does a therapist assist in narrative therapy?
helping the person co-author a new narrative about themselves through exploring the history of their qualities.
37
What social approach does narrative therapy claim to follow?
social justice approach, challenging dominant discourses that shape lives destructively.
38
What settings is narrative therapy commonly used?
Family therapy, community work, schools and higher education
39
Micheal White
Australian social worker and family therapist - founder of narrative therapy - A number of the techniques he developed have been adopted by other approaches.
40
What is third wave CBT?
group of emerging approaches to psychotherapy that represent both an extension of and deviation from traditional cognitive behavioural treatment approaches.
41
What does third-wave CBT look at?
changing behavior and the context of cognitions by adopting mindfulness, acceptance, and compassion approaches.
42
Therapies considered a part of third wave CBT
- dialectical behaviour therapy - Acceptence and Commitment therapy - interpersonal therapy - mindfulness based cognitive therapy - compassion focused therapy
43
What is dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT)?
evidence-based psychotherapy that began with efforts to treat emotionally unstable/borderline personality disorder (EUPD/BPD).
44
What kinds of behavioural patterns can DBT help change?
self harm and substance misuse
45
What two types of strategies do the therapist and client work with in DBT?
Acceptance strategies and change - oriented strategies
46
What philosophical process is DBT’s therapeutic method compared to?
The dialectical process of hypothesis, antithesis and synthesis
47
How has DBT evolved over time?
Into a collaborative process between therapist and client focusing on balancing acceptance and change.
48
Marsha Linehan
- American Psychologist - Developed DBT - Help people increase their emotional and cognitive regulation by learning about the triggers that lead to reactive states. - helps assess coping skills to avoid undesired reactions
49
What is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)?
form of counselling and a branch of clinical behaviour analysis.
50
What kind of intervention is ACT ?
An empirically- based psychological intervention
51
What strategies does ACT combine?
Acceptance and mindfulness strategies mixed with commitment and behaviour-change strategies.
52
Main goal of ACT?
increase psychological flexibility
53
Who developed ACT and when?
Steven C Hayes , 1982
54
What is interpersonal therapy (IPT)?
a talking treatment that helps people with depression identify and address problems in their relationships with family, partners and friends.
55
Do poor r/s affect a persons mental health?
Yes, poor relationships can leave a person feeling depressed
56
When does NHS offer interpersonal therapy ?
For severe depression or depression that hasn’t responded to other talking therapies like CBT.
57
How many sessions does IPT involve?
16-20 sessions
58
What is mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT)?
help you focus on your thoughts and feelings as they happen moment by moment.
59
What does MBCT help treat
depression and addiction
60
What techniques does MBCT combine
mindfulness techniques like meditation and breathing exercises with cognitive therapy.
61
What is MBCT used for after treatment for depression?
to help prevent it from coming back
62
What is compassion based therapy?
concentrate on helping clients relate to their difficulties in compassionate ways, and provide effective tools to work with challenging circumstances and emotions they encounter.
63
What is the main idea of compassion-focused therapy?
The evolution of caring behaviour has major regulatory and developmental functions.
64
What does compassion focused therapy (CFT) help people do?
Learn tools to engage with their struggles in accepting and encouraging ways, building confidence to handle difficult tasks and challenging situations.
65
What role does the therapuetic relationship play in CFT?
facilitates engaging with challenges and developing skills to deal with them.
66
How does CFT apprach the nature of suffering
non blaming, compassionate understandings
67
What kinds of compassion are cultivated in CFT?
Compassion for others, openness to compassion from others, and self-compassion.
68
What are the three types of functional emotion regulation systems according to evolutionary analysis? (CFT)
drive, safety and threat ystems
69
Q: What is the function of the threat and self-protection system?
To alert and direct attention to detect and respond to threats, involving emotions like anger, anxiety, and disgust, and behaviors like fight, flight, or freezing.
70
What does the drive, seeking, and acquisition system focus on?
Noticing advantageous resources and experiencing drive and pleasure in securing them.
71
What is the role of the contentment, soothing, and affiliative system?
To enable peacefulness when no longer focused on threats or seeking resources, allowing rest, digestion, and open attention.
72
How does Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) affect these emotional regulation systems?
enriches the compassion-based soothing system and reduces reliance on the threat-focused system, improving the ability to activate drive and work toward valued goals.

Clinical Psychology (4 decks)

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