Models/theories of physical activity

Question 1

three motivation models

Answer 1

Theory of planned behaviour
Health belief model
Social cognitive theory

All try to explain which factors contribute to development of a health behaviour intention (intention = best predictor)

Question 2

Theories of action execution

Answer 2

Theories focused on understanding why we fail to translate intentions into action

• intention-behaviour gap/volition models
• Implementation intentions, action planning and coping planning.

Question 3

Theory of planned behaviour

Answer 3

1. Attitude: our positive/negative evaluation of behaviour in question
   - Instrumental beliefs: what will it lead to
   - Experiential belief: experience w behaviour
2. Subjective norms: judgment of the behaviour according to people you value.
   - Injunctive normative belief: Do others (dis)approve?
   - Descriptive normative beliefs: do they do it too?
3. Perceived behavioural control: Belief in ability. to perform that behaviour
   - Which factors facilitate (skill and ability, access and availability)
   - Also can infect behaviour without effecting the intention

These three factors effect each other and intention which predict behaviour.

Question 4

Health Belief Model

Answer 4

Less about social environment

Red path:
- Perceived susceptibility: belief about risk and worsening if not changed.
- Perceived severity: beliefs about what happens if not changed

Blue path:
- Perceived benefits: Belief if it’ll work
- Perceived Barriers: cost analysis, do the benefits outweigh the costs.

These paths affect likelihood of action, together with self-efficacy and: Cues to action (mass media, social campaigns etc)

Question 5

Social-cognitive theory

Answer 5

Health behaviour is mainly influenced by
1. self-efficacy expectations
- Belief about own ability (including overcoming barriers)
- (perceived behavioural control is similar)

and

2. outcome expectations
   - Indivi’s beliefrs about effectivenes of planned action wrt goal
   - Possible disadvantage of execution.

The higher the self-efficacy (remember the 4 components) the higher the motivation

Question 6

Implementation intentions, action planning and coping planning

Answer 6

Implementation planning’
- Strategies facilitating goal attainment. Putting intention into action (if-then)

Action planning:
- Considering how you prepare to perform behaviour

Coping planning;
- prepare how you’ll avoid barriers that may arise