Modern Medicine

Question 1

when were x-rays discovered

Answer 1

1895

Question 2

when were mobile x-rays invented and who by

Answer 2

1914- Marie Curies

Question 3

who and when was the ‘Coolidge Tube’ invented

Answer 3

• 1913
• Coolidge invented reliable x-ray
• still used today

Question 4

what were the disadvantages of the x-rays used at the start of ww1

Answer 4

equipment included glass tubes which were often reliable and stopped working

Question 5

what was the process of Flemming discovering Penicillin and in what year

Answer 5

• 1928
• came to clean out Petri dishes
• saw that fungal spore had grown on one of the dishes
• colonies of staph around the mould had stopped growing
• fungus was penicillin

Question 6

between what years did Flemming publish his findings

Answer 6

1929-1931

Question 7

why was Flemming unable to take his research any further

Answer 7

nobody was willing to fund

Question 8

how did the percent of soldiers dying from pneumonia change for ww1-ww2

Answer 8

• 18%
• 1%

Question 9

when did Fleming, Florey and Chain get Nobel prize

Answer 9

1945

Question 10

what percent of British and American soldiers would’ve died without penicillin in ww2

Answer 10

15%

Question 11

in what year did Britain start to mass produce penicillin

Answer 11

1943

Question 12

what did Florey try to do

Answer 12

• try to purify penicillin
• breakthrough made by Floreys team in 1938-40
• Chain devised freeze drying technique which was an imp. step in purification process

Question 13

what were the steps after discovering how to produce penicillin

Answer 13

• at first they didn’t have the resources to mass produce penicillin
• they did trials- their patient died when the penicillin ran out

Question 14

how did America react to f+cs proposal to mass produce penicillin

Answer 14

• they were not keen as well but when they joined the war in 1941 they gave grants to businesses that produced penicillin

Question 15

how many people die annually in the EU due to antibiotic resistance

Answer 15

25,000

Question 16

what is antibiotic resistance

Answer 16

• antibiotic resistance is when a type of bacteria adapts so that the antibiotic can no longer affect it- develops when antibiotics are overused- the more antibiotic used, the more likely that bacteria will become resistant

Question 17

negatives from pharmiceutical industry (pregnant women)

Answer 17

• 1950s drug thalidomide released without thorough testing
• used by pregnant women to treat morning sickness
• affected the women’s unbord babies causing thousands of children to be born with under-developed limbs

Question 18

alternative medicine

Answer 18

• mistrust in modern medicine means some people use alternative therapies
• acupuncture (needles in specific points to relieve pain)
• aren’t evidence based