Modern Surgery

Question 1

what did Gillies set up- who were most of his patients

Answer 1

• plastic surgery unit for British Army during war
• pilots who had been trapped inside burning aircrafts

Question 1

who had been working on skin grafts technique before ww1- who did their work pave the way for

Answer 1

doctors in France and Germany- Harold Gillies

Question 2

what natural drugs were used as anaesthetics

Answer 2

mandrake , alcohol and opium were used

Question 3

what anaesthetics were ver difficult to produce

Answer 3

effective anaesthetics that didn’t make the patients ill was very difficult to produce

Question 4

why was ether bad

Answer 4

irritated lungs and smelt funny

Question 5

what did James Simpson try to do

Answer 5

try to find safe alternative to ether that women could take during childbirth

Question 6

when did Simpson discover affects of chloroform

Answer 6

• 1847
• took effect quicker and less needed for same results

Question 7

when and who was chloroform used by to mean it was widely used

Answer 7

• Queen Victoria gave birth to eighth child using it
• 1853

Question 8

what did anaesthetic actually lead to

Answer 8

• anaesthetics led to a rise in death rate due to surgeons carrying out more complex and longer operations
• this increased the chances of infection

Question 9

what did lister observe

Answer 9

Jospeh lister saw that carbolic sprays were used in sewage works to keep down the smell

Question 10

when did lister use carbolic acid- what did he see

Answer 10

used it in an operating theatre in 1860s and saw reduced infection rates

Question 11

what did lister start to use carbolic on

Answer 11

instruments and bandages

Question 12

what percent did the death rates decrease from- from what years

Answer 12

immediately reduced death rates from as high as 50% to 15% in 1867-70

Question 13

why did carbolic acid cause opposition

Answer 13

• many doctors found acid unpleasant on skin and to breathe in

Question 14

where was the operation using carbolic acid publicised

Answer 14

• 1877
• used well publicised operation at kings college London to promote the use of his carbolic spray

Question 15

how did the number of operations increase- between what years

Answer 15

• 10x higher in 1912 than 1867

Question 16

what did MASH units allow

Answer 16

• allowed medical care + surgeons to be closer to from line
• Korean War

Question 17

hospitals in modern era

Answer 17

• general hospitals as well as specialised