Modern Network Environments

Question 1

Software Defined Networking (SDN)

Answer 1

Enables network management through software applications

Question 2

SD-WAN

Answer 2

SDN applied to WAN connections

Question 3

What are the three distinct planes of SDN ?

Answer 3

Data, control, and application plane

Question 4

Data plane

Answer 4

Responsible for packet forwarding

Question 5

Control plane

Answer 5

Manages network traffic and policies

Question 6

Application plane

Answer 6

Hosts network

Question 7

Central policy management

Answer 7

Network admin sets policies and manages all devices from a single interface

Question 8

Application Aware

Answer 8

Intelligently identify applications and can prioritize traffic based on requirements

Question 9

Zero-Touch Provisioning

Answer 9

Network devices can automatically download configuration settings from a central location

Question 10

Transport Agnostic

Answer 10

Flexibility with the type of connectivity used

Question 11

VXLAN (Extensible)

Answer 11

Enhances the scalability of large-scale cloud computing environments

Question 12

Layer 2 Encapsulation VXLAN

Answer 12

VXLAN encapsulates Ethernet frames within UDP packets

Question 13

VXLAN Encapsulation Limit

Answer 13

16.8 million (24 bit) VLANs

Question 14

Data center interconnect (DCI)

Answer 14

Stretching of layer 2 networks across geographically dispersed data centers

Question 15

What does DCI allow ?

Answer 15

Seamless mobility of virtual machines between data centers without changing underlying network configurations

Question 16

Zero Trust

Answer 16

A security model based on strict identity verification and considering all users as potential threats

Question 17

Policy-based authentication

Answer 17

All users are to be authenticated and continuously validated

Question 18

What are some authentication policies ?

Answer 18

MPA, biometrics, and behavioral analytics

Question 19

Authorization in ZTA

Answer 19

Access to resources is granted on a per-session basis

Question 20

Least privilege

Answer 20

Users, systems, and programs are granted only minimum levels of access/permissions

Question 21

What does least privilege minimize?

Answer 21

Potential damage from accidental or malicious actions by limiting access rights

Question 22

Secure access service edge/ security service edge (SASE/SSE)

Answer 22

Combines network security functions with WAN capabilities

Question 23

What does SSE focus on?

Answer 23

Centralizing various security services like secure web gateways, CASB, ZTNA

Question 24

What does SASE provide?

Answer 24

Secure network connectivity and access to resources regardless of location

Question 25

Infrastructure as a code (IaC)

Answer 25

Key practice in cloud computing that involves managing and provisioning computing infrastructure through definition files

Question 26

Automation in IaC

Answer 26

Enabling rapid and consistent environment setups

Question 27

Playbooks, templates, and reusable tasks

Answer 27

Define and orchestrate the steps needed for infrastructure setup, modification, and management

Question 28

Configuration drift

Answer 28

Environments current state deviates from its intended state

Question 29

What does IaC aid in maintaining ?

Answer 29

Compliance with defined standards and policies by automating configurations and deployments

Question 30

What does IaC ensure with upgrades?

Answer 30

Less disruption and that all changes are version controlled and reversible

Question 31

Dynamic Inventories

Answer 31

Resources are automatically discovered and managed based on real time data

Question 32

Where are dynamic inventories essential ?

Answer 32

Environments that need to adjust quickly to changing demands or configurations

Question 33

Source control

Answer 33

Provide a system for tracking changes, collaborating, and maintaining integrity of code

Question 34

Version control

Answer 34

Keeps track of every modification to the code

Question 35

Central repository

Answer 35

Single source of truth for all code changes

Question 36

Conflict identification

Answer 36

Automatically detect conflicts for prevention of overwrites

Question 37

Branching

Answer 37

Diverge from the main line of development

Question 38

What concepts and functionalities did IPv6 introduce?

Answer 38

Improve routing efficiency, simplify network configuration, and enhance security

Question 39

How will IPv4 and IPv6 work concurrently ?

Answer 39

With compatability strategies

Question 40

Tunneling

Answer 40

Transmits IPv6 packets over an existing IPv4 network infrastructure. Encapsulate IPv6 packets within IPv4

Question 41

Dual stack

Answer 41

Devices run both IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously

Question 42

NAT64

Answer 42

Translates IPv6 into IPv4 addresses and vice versa