Networking Fundamentals

Question 1

What is a network

Answer 1

Interconnected devices that communicate and share resources and information

Question 2

How are networks categorized ?

Answer 2

By their size and structure

Question 3

What is the main purpose of a network ?

Answer 3

To share resources

Question 4

Define a host

Answer 4

Deivce or system on a network that uses, provides, or shares resources and services

Question 5

Generally, any device with an IP address

Answer 5

Host

Question 6

What is a server ?

Answer 6

Computer or system that provides resources, data, services, or programs to clients

Question 7

Define a workstation

Answer 7

High-performance comouter designed for technical or scientific applications, often used by one person at a time

Question 8

Client machine

Answer 8

Computer or device that accesses services, applications, or resources provided by a server

Question 9

What do network devices allow?

Answer 9

Allows servers, workstations, and clients to connect and share resources

Question 10

What are some other network devices examples ?

Answer 10

Routers, switches, AP, and firewalls

Question 11

Define LAN usage

Answer 11

Small geographic areas like a home, office, or building

Question 12

Wide area network

Answer 12

Large geographical area often a country or continent

Question 13

What is the largest WAN ?

Answer 13

The Internet

Question 14

Metropolitan area network

Answer 14

Larger than a LAN, but smaller than a WAN

Question 15

Campus area network

Answer 15

Network that interconnects multiple LANs within a limited area

Question 16

Storage area network

Answer 16

High-speed network that provides access to consolidated data storage

Question 17

What is the primary use of SANs for data storage?

Answer 17

Store data that requires high throughput and low latency

Question 18

Examples of a SAN storage device?

Answer 18

Disk arrays, optical jukeboxes, and tape libraries

Question 19

Personal area network

Answer 19

Covers a small area

Question 20

Example of a PAN technology?

Answer 20

Bluetooth

Question 21

What is WLAN ?

Answer 21

Wireless LAN

Question 22

Two types of network architecture?

Answer 22

Peer-to-peer and client-server

Question 23

Describe the network architecture for peer-to-peer networks

Answer 23

Decentralized network architecture where each device can act both as a client and server

Question 24

Does a P2P need a central server ?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

Client-server network

Answer 25

Network architecture where multiple client devices connect to a central server

Question 26

Why would you prefer client-server networks ?

Answer 26

Control the access in the network

Question 27

What is a network backbone ?

Answer 27

Main infrastructure that interconencts various segments of a computer network

Question 28

What does a backbone provide ?

Answer 28

Central pathway for data exchange

Question 29

What is the backbone composed of ?

Answer 29

High-speed, high-capacity links of core routers or switches

Question 30

What do the core routers or switches handle ?

Answer 30

The bulk of network traffic

Question 31

Network segments

Answer 31

Smaller subnetworks or clusters of devices that connect to the backbone

Question 32

What network devices can be included on a segment ?

Answer 32

Computers, switches, servers, and other hardware

Question 33

What do segments rely on ?

Answer 33

The backbone to communicate with other segments and access shared resources and services

Question 34

What can network segments represent in a building or organization?

Answer 34

Different departments or areas

Question 35

Network topologies

Answer 35

Layout or arrangements of elements of a computer network

Question 36

What do the unique configurations and characteristics influence on the network ?

Answer 36

Performance, reliability, and scalability

Question 37

Point-to-point topology

Answer 37

Direct connection between two networking devices via cable or wireless

Question 38

What type of connection is a p2p?

Answer 38

Dedicated connections

Question 39

Mesh topology

Answer 39

Each host is connected to every other host, no cental connecting point

Question 40

What does the mesh ensure ?

Answer 40

High availability and redundancy

Question 41

Pros and cons of mesh ?

Answer 41

Pros-most fault taulerant Cons- most expensive, complex, and difficult to expand

Question 42

Star/hub and spoke

Answer 42

All nodes are connected to a central node such as a switch, hub, wireless AP

Question 43

What does a star/hub and spoke create when failing ?

Answer 43

creates a single point of failure

Question 44

Hybrid topology

Answer 44

Combines two or more different topologies

Question 45

What does a hybrid offer in network design ?

Answer 45

Flexibility to meet specific needs

Question 46

Describe a three-tier hierarchical model

Answer 46

Structured approach to network design that breaks the network into three distinct layers

Question 47

What are the benefits of the three-tier model

Answer 47

optimize perfomance, scalability, and maintainability

Question 48

What are the three main layers of the three-tier model?

Answer 48

Core, distribution, and access

Question 49

What is the core layer ? What does it handle?

Answer 49

Backbone of the network, handling high-speed packet switching across the entire network

Question 50

What are the two responsibilities of the core layer ?

Answer 50

Speed and realiable routing of data

Question 51

Other characteristics do the core layer need ?

Answer 51

high redundancy and fault tolerance needed to avoid downtime

Question 52

Distribution layer

Answer 52

Intermediary between access and core layers

Question 53

Access layer

Answer 53

Networks point of entry for devices and end users, connecting them to the network

Question 54

What network devices does the access layer include ?

Answer 54

Switches and AP that provide connectivity to other network devices

Question 55

Spine and leaf

Answer 55

Two-layer network topology

Question 56

What do the spine and leaf switches server as ?

Answer 56

Spine =backbone Leaf = access

Question 57

How are leaf switches connected in the spine and leaf topologies?

Answer 57

Connect all leaf switches without interconnecting with each other

Question 58

Collapsed core architecture and its benefits

Answer 58

Merges core and distribution layers, simplifies network design, and reduces hardware costs

Question 59

Where is collapsed core ideal for ?

Answer 59

Small-to-medium sized networks

Question 60

What does collapsed core facilitate ? How could it enhance performance ?

Answer 60

Management and maintenance while enhancing performance by reducing latency

Question 61

Two terms for data flow in networks ?

Answer 61

North-south and east-west

Question 62

North-south traffic

Answer 62

Flow of network traffic between the data center and the outside world (internet, other data centers)

Question 63

What network architecture does North-South typically include ?

Answer 63

Client-to-server communication

Question 64

East-west traffic

Answer 64

Flow of data packets between servers and devices within the data center

Question 65

What does east-west typically include ?

Answer 65

Server-to-server, server-to-storage, VM-to-VM

Question 66

What does east-west highlight ?

Answer 66

Importance of internal networking to support high volumes of internal data exchange

Question 67

Unicast

Answer 67

Sent from one source to one specific destination identified by IP address

Question 68

What is the most common form of IP communication ?

Answer 68

Unicast

Question 69

Multicast

Answer 69

From one of more sources to multiple destinations simultaneously

Question 70

What applications is multicast efficient for ?

Answer 70

Streaming audio or video

Question 71

What does streaming audio or video with multicast help with ?

Answer 71

Reducing bandwidth consumption

Question 72

Why is the multicast approach used in IPv4 and IPv6 ?

Answer 72

Optimizes the delivery of packets to multiple destinations

Question 73

Anycast

Answer 73

Nearest or best destination as determined by the routing protocols

Question 74

In which applications is anycast used ?

Answer 74

DNS and CDN(content delivery network) services

Question 75

How can anycast improve network performance ?

Answer 75

Automatically routing requests to the nearest data center

Question 76

Broadcast

Answer 76

One sender to all potential receivers within a network segment

Question 77

Is broadcast used in IPv4 and IPv6 ?

Answer 77

IPv4 used to send data to all devices on a LAN IPv6 does not support it. Multicast instead

Question 78

What are the resources of a network ?

Answer 78

data, applications, and devices

Question 79

Are spine and leaf topologies highly scalable and opting to minimizing latency ? T or F

Answer 79

True

Question 80

What does the distribution layer do?

Answer 80

managing routing, filtering, and WAN access