Modernisation THEORY Flashcards
What kind of theory is modernisation theory?
A functionalist theory.
When/where did the theory develop?
The cold war (1960s) in capitalist nations
What is required for development according to this theory?
Capitalism
What did modernisation theory offer?
A way for 3rd world countries to ‘develop’ through investment.
What was modernisation theory’s first big application?
The Marshall Plan
When was the Marshall Plan?
1947
The Marshall Plan offered _________ countries _____ ($__ billion in total) after _____.
It tied _________ countries to _______, making them ________.
a) European
b) loans
c) 13
d) WW2
e) European
f) America
g) dependent
What did the Marshall Plan ensure?
A captive market for US goods & services as European countries bought US goods using US loans - ‘paying twice’.
How did the GNI of Marshall Plan countries grow?
By 25%
What’s containment (MP)?
A US plan to contain communism in Europe before the USSR could interfere.
What was the Molotov Plan?
Soviet version of Marshall Plan - allowed countries money if they became Soviet, giving up individual freedoms as a nation.
What’s the difference between the Molotov plan and the Marshall Plan?
The Marshall Plan didn’t require countries to give up their freedoms.
What is the Rostow model known as?
The 5 steps to capitalism
What kind of model is the Rostow model?
A staircase model
What did Rostow outline?
He told people what to do with their money, describing how capitalism helps countries to develop (pro-capitalist, anti-communist).
What was the model subtitled as?
Who does this reference?
The anti-communist manifesto.
Marx and Engels.
What was the aim of the Rostow model?
To divert European countries from the USSR in the cold war.
What did Rostow describe communism as?
A ‘kind of disease’
What are criticisms of Rostow?
It is zenophobic towards Russians and ethnocentric.
What were the 5 steps of the Rostow model?
1) 1950s ‘Traditional stage’
2) 1960s ‘Transitional stage’
3) 1970s/80s ‘Take off’
4) 1990s ‘Drive to maturity’
5) 2000s ‘High mass consumption’
Where would the changes of the Rostow model take place?
6
1) Technological
2) Agricultural
3) Industrial
4) Geographical
5) Politcal
6) Social & cultural
How would changes of the Rostow model take place in the TECHNOLOGICAL sector?
From traditional equipment to scientific machines
How would changes of the Rostow model take place in the AGRICULTURAL sector?
From subsitence farming towards commerical mass production
How would changes of the Rostow model take place in the INDUSTRIAL sector?
From humans/animals towards new machinery
