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Fall 2018 > Modernity > Flashcards

Modernity Flashcards

1
Q

3 featured theorists for observing the world: science and spirituality

A

Galileo
Descartes
Pascal

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2
Q

During Galileo’s inquisition, he was being found guilty of

A

Copernicanism - arguing for a solar-centered system

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3
Q

In the reading about Galileo, his assertions for copernicanism is considered “heresy” because

A

his claim goes against holy scripture

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4
Q

Who argued that everything needs to be broken down into it’s smallest form to be understood?

A

Descartes

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5
Q

What famous saying came from Descartes?

A

“I think, therefore I am”

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6
Q

What was the object of study for Descartes?

A

the self

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7
Q

What two sources of truth does Pascal challenge from Descartes?

A

Reason and the senses

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8
Q

Why does Pascal say that the senses are unreliable?

A

because suffering can make false impressions on the senses, affecting reasoning

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9
Q

Why did Pascal want to choose religion over science?

A

Religion is more practical and leads to a more happy, fulfilled life

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10
Q

5 main theorists for the enlightenment

A 
Locke
Rousseau
Paine
de Chatalet
Condorcet
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11
Q

Locke argued that rights and liberties are:

A

natural

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12
Q

Role of the government according to Locke:

A

To serve people’s natural rights

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13
Q

According to Locke, evil action from citizens are caused by

A

faulty institutions

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14
Q

Locke argued that laws should be the same for all classes, which was eventually implemented to government officials as

A

Rule of Law

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15
Q

Between individual rights and collective interest, Rousseau chose

A

collective interest

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16
Q

According to Rousseau, losing natural liberty is necessary to gain

A

civil liberty

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17
Q

What forms social ties according to Rousseau?

A

The common good

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18
Q

Rousseau argues that the general will is always…

A

good

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19
Q

Who was against hereditary government as there is no guarantee of a good leader?

A

Paine

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20
Q

Who said “my own mind is my own church”?

A

paine

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21
Q

Who advocated for women’s education through arguing against limiting human potential?

A

du Chatalet

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22
Q

Who was the optimist who believed superstition and intolerance would disappear over time?

A

Condorcet

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23
Q

Who believed the people would always aim to be better?

A

Condorcet

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24
Q

Top 5 theorists for the political revolytions of France and America

A 
Young
de Tocqueville
Robespierre
Napoleon
de Stael
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25
Who offered a critique of Napoelon?
de Stael
26
de Stael's main argument
That though Napoleon advocated for changing the government, he was also taking too much power for himself and not enough given for liberating people
27
Napoleon would cite military history in order to
motivate his soldiers
28
Napoleon's rhetoric was largely based in which appeal?
pathos
29
Who believed in peace through terror?
Robespierre
30
Robespierre believed that in order for there to be change, it would happen in what manner?
quickly and violently
31
Who explored that causes of the French Revolution?
de Tocqueville
32
de Tocqueville argued that the french revolution was "inevitable yet completely unforeseen" because...
The segregation and isolation of French interest groups lead to unintegrated institutions and therefore a lack of social harmony (communication)
33
Who highlighted the unjust tax system in France that led up to the revolution?
Young
34
Who does Young blame for the suffering of lower classes in France?
Negligence of aristocratic and governmental institutions which do not properly serve the third estate
35
What is the "third estate"
the common people of france
36
3 main theorists for the implementation of the industrial revolution
Baines Smith Malthus
37
Who speaks about the transformation of Britains industries and the benefits of the factory system?
Baines
38
Leader in laissez-faire economics
Smith
39
2 theorists who were major advocates for division of labor
smith and baines
40
3 ways quantity of work is increased according to Smith
1. Increase in hands-on work 2. Saving of time and money 3. Machines facilitate labor
41
The idea the self-interest reflect general interest and therefore the market is called
laissez faire economics
42
Who spoke about the increase of population leading to poverty?
Malthus
43
Who spoke about the reality of the industrial revolution
Kay Engels Owen
44
The main focus in the reality of the industrial revolution is
the experience of the workers
45
The physician who spoke on the effects of industrialization on health
Kay
46
Kay argued that work was over-consuming because
it took away from enjoying life
47
Kay argued that the moral degradation of community was due to
the growing absence of religion
48
Engels argued that industrialization made people selfish by...
alienating the community from each other
49
Engels labeled the upper and lower classes as
the egoists and the distresed
50
Engels challenged industrialization and progress by highlighting
how industrialization affects the rest of life
51
Who wanted to improve workers' lives while maintaining profit?
Owen
52
Who wanted to bring child's socialization away from the family to be more institutionalized?
Owen
53
Who was a conservative but not against progress?
Burke
54
Why was Burke against revolution?
Worried about instability and potential war of having inexperienced people running the public
55
Which theorists were a a part of the romanticism era?
Burke Mill Tristan de Tocqueville
56
Who argued that we should have tolerance for opposing ideas and for the marketplace of ideas?
Mill
57
Mill argues that governments should only interfere with individual liberty if...
it is out of protecting liberty itself
58
Who asserted that all opinions are valid and of value?
Mill
59
Who urged workers to unite to strengthen their cause?
Tristan
60
Who was determined to get workingmen to accept working women as equals?
Tristan
61
Who did Tristan assert that women should be treated equally?
Argued that women can make or break a family and thus deserve to be politically represented and cared for
62
Who was the leading statesman and political theorists who warned officials about the eruption of another labor class revolution?
de Tocqueville
63
3 Theorists on Realism and Reality
Dickens Marx & Engels Darwim
64
Who was largely known for making realism his consistent genre of literature?
Dickens
65
Who said "the ruling ideas of each age have ever been the ideas of its ruling class"
Marx & Engels
66
Who argued that development of class goes hand in hand with establishment of corresponding ideologies
Marx and Engels
67
4 Theorists for the Politics of Hate
Wright Chamberlain Fritsch Kishinev Pogrom
68
Who was concerned about the decrease in military prestige that would come with women's vote?
Wright
69
Who spoke about race as a means to create collective solidarity
Chamberlain
70
Who wrote about rules to follow regarding jews
Fritch
71
Scrope wrote for consciousness to lower class life during which historical event?
the potato famine
72
During the potato famine, peasants were
evicted from rental property and more likely to die on the streets
73
5 theorists on the discovery of compassion
``` Scrope Mayhew Pankhurst Mill Herzl ```
74
The experience of wanting to go to prison instead of being on the streets was from which reading?
Mayhew on the life of a prostitute
75
Mayhew's aims
to give rich more knowledge of the suffering of the poor
76
Who argued for a separate nation state for jews?
Herzl
77
Copernicanism + Heresy
Galileo
78
Self-knowledge
Descartes
79
Practicality > Theology
Pascal
80
Natural Rights and Liberties
Locke
81
Civil Liberty
Rousseau
82
No hereditory gov't
Paine
83
Women's education
du Chatalet
84
Optimism and tolerance
Condorcet
85
Inadequate gov't
Young
86
Causes of French Revolution
de Tocqueville
87
Peace through violence
Robespierre
88
Pathos + Military History
Napoleon
89
Critique of Napoleon
de Staele
90
Factory transforamtion
Baines
91
Division of Labor
Smith
92
Population
Malthus
93
Physician
Kay
94
Alienation
Engels
95
Profitable Help
Owen
96
Conservative Progress
Burke
97
Valuable opinions
Mill
98
Worker's union
Tristan
99
Second uprising
de Tocqueville
100
Realistic genre
Dickens
101
Communist Manifesto
Marx +Engels
102
Natural Selection
Darwin
103
Misogynistic Prick
Wright
104
Advocating Racism
Chamberlain
105
Dehumanizing Jews
Fritsch
106
Mob attacks, 49 dead
Kishinev Pogrom
107
Life in the poor
Scrope
108
Prostitute and prison
Mayhew
109
Justifying violence
Pankhurst
110
Women as capable
Mill
111
Palestine
Herzl

Fall 2018 (5 decks)

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