MODULE 1 Flashcards
(75 cards)
Diagnoses are made on the basis of
– The clinical interview
– DSM-5 text descriptions
– DSM-5 criteria
– Clinician judgment
Psychological disorder consists of three components:
– Psychological dysfunction
– Personal distress
– Atypical or not culturally expected behavior
Clinical Description
• Begins with the Presenting Problem
• Description Aims to
– Distinguish clinically significant dysfunction from common human experience
• Describe Prevalence and Incidence of Disorders
• Describe Onset of Disorders
• Describe Course of Disorders
• Prognosis
Historical Conceptions of Abnormal Behavior
• Three Dominant Traditions
– Supernatural
– Biological
– Psychological
The Supernatural Tradition
DEMONOLOGY
Exorcism
Trepanning
lunacy
The Biological Tradition
Hippocrates
Galen
Pasteur’s germ theory of disease
John P. Grey
Hippocrates
- Proposing that mental disorders had natural causes
- Categorizing disorders as mania, melancholia
- Associating dreams and personality
Humoral Theory
(blood=sanguine, black bile=melancholic, yellow bile=choleric, phlegm=phlegmatic)
was a form of psychiatric treatment in which patients were repeatedly injected with large doses of insulin in order to produce daily comas over several weeks.
• Insulin shock therapy or insulin coma therapy (ICT)
among the safest and most effective treatments available for depression
• Electroconvulsive therapy ECT
electrodes are placed on the patient’s scalp and a finely controlled electric current is applied while the patient is under general anesthesia. The current causes a brief seizure in the brain.
• Electroconvulsive therapy ECT
• is one of the fastest ways to relieve symptoms in severely depressed or suicidal patients. It’s also very effective for patients who suffer from mania or other mental illnesses.
• Electroconvulsive therapy ECT
is generally used when severe depression is unresponsive to other forms of therapy. Or it might be used when patients pose a severe threat to themselves or others and it is too dangerous to wait until medications take effect.
• Electroconvulsive therapy ECT
The Psychological Tradition
– Aristotle
– Plato
– Moral therapy
– Mental hygiene movement
treating patients as normally as possible in normal environments
Moral therapy
•18th century
Moral therapy
- 18th century – treating patients as normally as possible in normal environments
- Philippe Pinel, Benjamin Rush (father of american psychiatry)
Mental hygiene movement
- Dorothea Dix – 19th century
* Effort to improve care for mentally disordered and make it more accessible
• Viewed psychological phenomena as responses of the whole organism
Plato (429 –347 B.C.)
• Emphasized individual differences and sociocultural influences
Plato (429 –347 B.C.)
• Discussed hospital care
Plato (429 –347 B.C.)
Reforms in Mental Health Treatment (people)
Benjamin Rush (father of American psychiatry) Philippe Pinel Dorothea Dix Emil Kraepelin Mesmer and Charcot
• His classic work, Observations and Inquiries upon the Diseases of the Mind, published in 1812, was the first psychiatric textbook printed in the United States.
Benjamin Rush (father of American psychiatry)
• served on the Pennsylvania Hospital medical staff from 1783 until the time of his death in 1813.
Benjamin Rush (father of American psychiatry)
• Believed the cause of mental illness was exposure to severe psychological and social stressors.
Benjamin Rush (father of American psychiatry)
