MODULE 1 PART 2

Question 1

Humanistic Theory

Answer 1

• Self-actualizing
• Maslow (hierarchy of needs)
• Person-centered therapy (Rogers)

Question 2

we need a freedom to grow in order to reach our highest potential

Answer 2

• Self-actualizing

Question 3

• Maslow (hierarchy of needs)

Answer 3

physiological
safety needs
belongingness and love
esteem
self-actualization

Question 4

involves showing complete support and acceptance of a person no matter what that person says or does. The therapist accepts and supports the client, no matter what they say or do, placing no conditions on this acceptance

Answer 4

unconditional positive regard

Question 5

Behaviorist Theory

Answer 5

• Classical conditioning (Ivan Pavlov)
• Little Albert (Watson)
• Systematic desensitization (Joseph Wolpe)

Question 6

sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning, is a method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence (whether negative or positive) for that behavior.

Answer 6

Operant conditioning

Question 7

Operant conditioning contributors

Answer 7

• E. L. Thorndike

* B. F. Skinner

Question 8

classical conditioning contributors

Answer 8

Joseph Wolpe
Ivan Pavlov
John B Watson

Question 9

is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus forming a learned response.

Answer 9

classical conditioning

Question 10

• Teaches at Stanford University.

Answer 10

Albert Bandura

Question 11

• Developed Social Learning Theory(Modeling).

Answer 11

Albert Bandura

Question 12

• Suggested that we could learn based upon what we observed in a model.

Answer 12

Albert Bandura

Question 13

• Bobo Doll Experiment.

Answer 13

Albert Bandura

Question 14

o emphasizes the importance of observing, modelling, and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. considers how both environmental and cognitive factors interact to influence human learning and behavior.

Answer 14

Social learning theory, proposed by Albert Bandura,

Question 15

Observation + 4 Necessary Steps = Learning

Answer 15

attention
retention
reproduction
motivation

Question 16

• Humanist who believed in the innate goodness of all people and in the ability of all people to grow and lead constructive lives.

Answer 16

Carl Rogers

Question 17

• Developed the client- or person-centered therapy.

Answer 17

Carl Rogers

Question 18

• The psychologist is seen as someone who is a skilled listener, not judgmental, and certainly not powerful nor omniscient.

Answer 18

Carl Rogers

Question 19

client is responsible for improving his or her life, not the therapist. This is a deliberate change from both psychoanalysis and behavioral therapies where the patient is diagnosed and treated by a doctor.
o Instead, the client consciously and rationally decides for themselves what is wrong and what should be done about it. The therapist is more of a friend or counselor who listens and encourages on an equal level.

Answer 19

client- or person-centered therapy.

Question 20

• Theorized that dysfunction begins in infancy.

Answer 20

Carl Rogers

Question 21

The Fully Functioning Person

Answer 21

1. OPEN TO EXPERIENCE
2. EXISTENTIAL LIVING
3. TRUST FEELINGS
4. CREATIVITY
   • FULFILLED LIFE

Question 22

• Believes that we get depressed and develop other mental illnesses because of faulty thinking.

Answer 22

Albert Ellis

Question 23

• Founder of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy(REBT)

Answer 23

Albert Ellis

Question 24

• Works well with Anxiety Disorder and Mood Disorders.

Answer 24

Albert Ellis

Question 25

action-oriented approach that’s focused on helping people deal with irrational beliefs and learn how to manage their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in a healthier, more realistic way. The goal of REBT is to help people recognize and alter those beliefs and negative thinking patterns in order to overcome psychological problems and mental distress.

Answer 25

of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy(REBT)

Question 26

Major Theoretical Notions

Answer 26

* CONNECTIONISM | * SELETING AND CONNECTING or TRIAL AND ERROR LEARNING (Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1949))

Question 27

Learning that involved the strengthening of neural bonds (connections) between stimulating conditions and the response to them

Answer 27

CONNECTIONISM

Question 28

• The most basic form of learning

Answer 28

• SELETING AND CONNECTING or TRIAL AND ERROR LEARNING

Question 29

• The trying of different responses in a problem solving situation until a response can solve the problem.

Answer 29

• SELETING AND CONNECTING or TRIAL AND ERROR LEARNING

Question 30

• He reached this basic notion through his early experimentation, which involved putting an animals in an apparatus that was arranged so that when the animals made a certain kind of response it escaped

Answer 30

Edward Lee Thorndike

Question 31

LEARNING IS INCREMENTAL, NOT INSIGHTFUL Learning occurs in very small systematic steps rather than in huge jumps

Answer 31

true

Question 32

When and how the connection is accomplished was stated first in the following three laws:

Answer 32

The Law of Readiness Law of Exercise The Law of Effect

Question 33

2 things under law of exercise

Answer 33

LAW OF USE | LAW OF DISUSE

Question 34

– Integration of biological, psychological, social and other approaches to diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorder – Scientific approach to mental disorders – Mental health professionals – Psychopathology

Answer 34

The Present: An Integrative Approach

Question 35

* Prevalence (number of people in the population suffering from a disorder at a given time) * Incidence (number of new cases appearing during a specific time period) * Course (pattern of development, e.g. chronic course, episodic course, time-limited course) * Prognosis (anticipated course of a disorder)

Answer 35

Scientific approach to mental disorders

Question 36

– Mental health professionals

Answer 36

* Clinical psychologists (more severe disorders) * Counseling psychologists (vocational issues) * Psychiatrists (emphasize biological treatments) * Psychiatric social workers (treatment focused on social and family issues * Psychiatric nurses (treatment in hospitals)

Question 37

• Clinical psychologists

Answer 37

(more severe disorders)

Question 38

• Counseling psychologists

Answer 38

(vocational issues)

Question 39

• Psychiatrists

Answer 39

(emphasize biological treatments)

Question 40

• Psychiatric social workers

Answer 40

(treatment focused on social and family issues

Question 41

(treatment in hospitals)

Answer 41

• Psychiatric nurses

Question 42

Myths of Abnormal Behaviour

Answer 42

``` – Easily recognized as deviant – Disorder due to inheritance – Incurable – Never contribute to society – Always dangerous ```

Question 43

Mental Health Professionals | are:

Answer 43

Consumer of science Enhancing the practice Evaluator of science Determining the effectiveness of the practice Creator of science Conducting research that leads to new procedures useful in practice

Question 44

Consumer of science

Answer 44

Enhancing the practice

Question 45

Evaluator of science

Answer 45

Determining the effectiveness of the practice

Question 46

Creator of science

Answer 46

Conducting research that leads to new procedures useful in practice

Question 47

violation of a society’s ideas about proper function.

Answer 47

Deviance

Question 48

a society’s explicit and implicit rules for proper conduct.

Answer 48

• Norms-

Question 49

a society’s shared rules that govern the behavior of its members, common history, values, beliefs, habits, skills, technology, and arts.

Answer 49

• Culture-

Question 50

The 4 ‘D’s

Answer 50

– Discomfort/ Distress – Deviance – Dysfunction – Danger