MODULE 2

Question 1

PERSPECTIVES IN HUMAN

BEHAVIOR (meaning)

Answer 1

Method of classifying a collection of

ideas

Question 2

Also called “schools of thought”

Answer 2

PERSPECTIVES IN HUMAN

BEHAVIOR

Question 3

Also called “psychological approaches”
To view behavior from a particular
perspective

Answer 3

PERSPECTIVES IN HUMAN

BEHAVIOR

Question 4

is a way of viewing phenomena

Answer 4

PERSPECTIVE

Question 5

Focus: On how people think and process

information

Answer 5

COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

Question 6

Focus: How our biological structures and substances underlie a given
behavior, thought, or emotion

Interest in behavior distinguishes biological
psychology from many other biological sciences

Answer 6

BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Question 7

Psychologist
who specialized in considering the ways in which the
biological structures and functions of the body affect
behavior

Answer 7

NEUROSCIENTIST / BIOPSYCHOLOGIST–

Question 8

 The basic elements of the nervous system.

 SPECIALIZED FOR COMMUNICATING INFORMATION

Answer 8

NEURONS or Nerve Cells

Question 9

 SPECIALIZED FOR COMMUNICATING INFORMATION

Answer 9

NEURONS or Nerve Cells

Question 10

 Is an electrically excitable cell that processes and
transmits information by electrical and chemical
signaling.

Answer 10

NEURONS or Nerve Cells

Question 11

 Chemical signaling occurs via synapses, specialized

connections with other cells.

Answer 11

NEURONS or Nerve Cells

Question 12

 connect to each other to form networks.

Answer 12

NEURONS or Nerve Cells

Question 13

 The core components of the nervous system, which
includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral
ganglia.

Answer 13

NEURONS or Nerve Cells

Question 14

BASIC STRUCTURES OF NEURONS

Answer 14

One cell body
One axon
One or more dendrites

Question 15

 A cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron that

receive messages from other neurons.

Answer 15

DENDRITES

Question 16

 They often look likes branches or spikes

extending out from the cell body.

Answer 16

DENDRITES

Question 17

 It is primarily the surfaces of the dendrites that

receive chemical messages from other neurons.

Answer 17

DENDRITES

Question 18

 The part of the neuron that carries messages /

information destined for other neurons

Answer 18

AXON

Question 19

 The purpose of the axon is to transmit an
electro-chemical signal to other neurons,
sometimes over a considerable distance.

Answer 19

AXON

Question 20

 A productive coat of fat and protein that wraps

around the axon

Answer 20

MYELIN SHEATH

Question 21

 Small bulges at the end of axons that send

messages to other neurons.

Answer 21

TERMINAL BUTTONS

Question 22

 Cell body

Answer 22

SOMA

Question 23

 Containing the cell nucleus

Answer 23

SOMA

Question 24

 The space between two neurons where the
axon of a sending neurons communicates
with dendrites of a receiving neuron by using
chemical messages.

Answer 24

SYNAPSE

Question 25

 Chemicals that carry messages across the synapse to the dendrite (and sometimes the cell body) of a receiver neuron.

Answer 25

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Question 26

Focus: How thinking and behavior change depending on the setting or situation

Answer 26

SOCIAL-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

Question 27

The study of psychological differences among people living in different cultural groups

Answer 27

CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

Question 28

Focus: How we learn through rewards, punishments, and observation View of behavior based on experience or learning Classical conditioning - Pavlov Operant conditioning – Skinner Founded by James Watson

Answer 28

BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVE

Question 29

Focus: How healthy people strive to reach their full potential Behavior is explained as being motivated by satisfying needs (safety, hunger, thirst, etc.), with the goal of reaching one’s full potential once basic needs are met. Developed by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers behavior reflects innate ‘actualization’ focus on conscious forces and self perception

Answer 29

HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE

Question 30

Focus: How behavior is affected by unconscious drives and conflicts Behavior is explained through unconscious motivation and unresolved inner conflicts from one’s childhood. Modern version of psychoanalytic perspective (Sigmund Freud)

Answer 30

PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE

Question 31

both a method of treatment and a theory of the mind behavior reflects combinations of conscious and unconscious influences drives and urges within the unconscious component of mind influence thought and behavior early childhood experiences shape unconscious motivations

Answer 31

PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE

Question 32

Focus: How behavior is affected by genes and the environment Emphasis on the importance of both genetic and environmental factors on behavior

Answer 32

BEHAVIOR GENETICS

Question 33

Influenced by Darwin and the emphasis on innate, adaptive behavior patterns Behavior is explained by how the behavior may have helped our ancestors survive long enough to reproduce successfully.

Answer 33

EVOLUTIONARY

Question 34

Focus: To study and promote optimal human functioning Martin E.P. Seligman is a major advocate

Answer 34

POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

Question 35

• Despite all the difficulties of life, majority of people manage to live with dignity and purpose. • Positive psychology adopts a more optimistic perspective on human potential, motives, and capacities.

Answer 35

HUMAN | STRENGTHS

Question 36

Behavior is explained by how a person | interprets the situation

Answer 36

COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

Question 37

How is knowledge acquired, organized, | remembered, and used to guide behavior?

Answer 37

COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

Question 38

Behavior is explained by brain chemistry, genetics, glands, etc. Focus may be at various levels individual neurons areas of the brain specific functions like eating, emotion, or learning

Answer 38

BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Question 39

Behavior is explained by the influence | of other people present

Answer 39

SOCIAL-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

Question 40

How are people’s thoughts, feelings and | behavior influenced by their culture.

Answer 40

CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

Question 41

more positive view of basic forces than Freud’s

Answer 41

HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE

Question 42

behavior reflects combinations of conscious and unconscious influences drives and urges within the unconscious component of mind influence thought and behavior early childhood experiences shape unconscious motivations

Answer 42

PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE

Question 43

Combines biology and behaviorism

Answer 43

BEHAVIOR GENETICS

Question 44

Combines aspects of biological, psychological, | and social perspectives

Answer 44

EVOLUTIONARY

Question 45

Should promote building positive qualities of people rather than focus on what’s wrong with people

Answer 45

POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

Question 46

adopts a more optimistic perspective on human potential, motives, and capacities.

Answer 46

POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

Question 47

• Humanistic psychology with scientific methods.

Answer 47

POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY