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SWRK 1001 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Welfare Definition

A

Highly abstract, no universally agreed definition

Term gained popularity in late 19th early 20th centuries when industrialization, urbanization and immigration were transforming city life

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2
Q

City transformation early 19th, 20th centuries

A

created modern problems, new problems

ex- poverty, unemployment, family breakdown & everyone was at risk

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3
Q

Social welfare term evolved out of/ reflects:

A

Social Reform

and ALSO// replaced the old term “Charity”

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4
Q

Social Welfare meaning:

A

A formal, organized & government approach to ensure a basic standard of living for all (Leiby, 1977)

governmental approach to ensure basic standards of living and meet a basic standard of living

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5
Q

Social Welfare:

A

societies vision of well being, health, happiness & prosperity

a society that sees itself as fairing well

ALSO// a system-
policies and programs designed to help individuals, families and communities meet basic needs

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6
Q

Social work is the profession most closely associated with the field of:

A

social welfare

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7
Q

Social welfare in Social Work involves…

A

the study and implementation of strategies designed to alleviate human suffering, prevent social problems & improve the quality of life of disadvantaged groups

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8
Q

Canada’s social welfare system is limited to…

A

people who require assistance to meet basic needs

GOVERNMENT measures SOCIAL WELL-BEING to identify who needs the social welfare system & HOW their needs will be met

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9
Q

Measuring Social Well-Being

A

2007 Gov. of CAN released the Indicators of well-being in Canada
(IWC)

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10
Q

IWC- Indicators of well-being in Canada

A

a measurement framework designed to provide a national & comprehensive picture of well-being of Canada

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11
Q

The IWC recognizes 10 broad domains of individual & social well-being

A

learning / work / financial security / environment / security (safety) / health / leisure / social participation / family life / housing

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12
Q

Each domain of IWC uses 3 types of indicators to measure the characteristics of/or changes in the well being of Canadians : the 3 indicators are…

A

1) Status indicators
(human conditions or progress in major life areas such as employment)
2) Life events indicators
(track the rates of significant life-course events, ex: marriage/ divorce
3) Key influences indicators
(report on individual & community resources required for well-being, as well as peoples access to/availability of & maintenance of those resources)

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13
Q

5 Domains that the social welfare system is most likely to address…

A 
Work
Financial security
Social participation
Housing
Family life
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14
Q

Researchers must update measuring tools of well being regularly because…

A

society has a changing perspective of well-being

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15
Q

IWC reports the well being of CAN’s has been on….

rise/decine?… since 1994-2010?

A

decline

CAN’s economy grew by 29%- quality of life grew by 5.7%

greatest decline between 2008-2009

ECONOMY PROSPERITY does not = /guarantee social well-being

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16
Q

The primary function of the social welfare system is for a society to fare well.. for a society to fare well its members must be…

A

physically, socially, psychologically, financially, & materially healthy

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17
Q

Human Need is…

A

a necessary requirement for human development. If not met can lead to serious physical, psychological and social harm

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18
Q

CAN’s welfare system aims to identify and meet

A

basic human needs

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19
Q

Identifying human needs- Maslows Hierarchy of needs P. 8

A 
Self Actualization-#5
Self Esteem-#4
Social-#3
Safety-#2
Physiological-#1 food and water
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20
Q

When people meet their needs

A

they are more likely to contribute to society

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21
Q

Social Welfare Programs

A

are for people who fail to meet basic needs

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22
Q

Social Welfare Programs aim to…

A
  • Provide basic necessities to those in need
  • Help isolated/ marginalized groups in the need to belong/participate in society
  • Assisting parents/ income earners having trouble fulfilling their roles
  • Ensure that people can access resources and opportunities to meet needs/ support families
  • Address ‘special needs’ related to substance abuse, mental disorders & other conditions that inhibit human development
  • Protect vulnerable members of society (Children/Elderly) from abuse or neglect
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23
Q

Political leaders decide…

A

Which types of human needs/ issues they will treat as public and which are private

But// there are too many people and not enough funds so// Gov.s must decide how much they can spend on social welfare and what to spend it on

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24
Q

Public Issues

A

needs or conditions that the government takes responsibility for

ex- poverty, domestic violence and racism

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25
Private Issues
Problems individuals must handle on their own... | ex- Marital disagreements
26
Capital
Can take many forms But// usually HUMAN and SOCIAL capital are relevant to social welfare
27
Human Capital
Skills, Capabilities, Knowledge as well as other personal assets that people use to earn a living, cope with life problems/ challenges & achieve self reliance EMPLOYMENT INSURANCE SYSTEM- focuses on building human capital- in its provision of job skills training, career planning workshops & other services to help people find work.
28
Social Capital
Social supports, networks and contacts that people rely on for emotional support, access to resources and general participation in society Ex- programs building social capital are; ECE, parent support groups, peer counselling for seniors
29
Canada's Social Welfare System is made up of...
a wide range of gov sponsored programs many provide cash, food, shelter --- to people in need & can also include councelling, peer support, info giving or advocacy
30
Social welfare is an essential social program, along with;
health care, post-secondary school education, etc.
31
Professions that often work closely together with social workers
the Justice System | Nurses
32
Social welfare system has its own mandate, goals, and objectives but// can be classified into two categories
``` #1) Income security programs #2) Social Services ```
33
Income Security Programs
provide financial aid to replace or supplement a persons income during times of unemployment ex) pregnancy, old age, sickness, or disability
34
Social Minimum
Means that all CAN's enjoy a reasonable standard of living
35
4 Main types of Income security programs...
1) Targeted Cash Transfer 2) Universal Cash Transfer 3) Contributory Programs-----> forced saving programs 4) Tax Relief Measures-------> reduce amount of tax owed
36
Social Services are...
non- income benefits funded partly or fully by gov., designed to improve the living conditions of individuals, families and communities
37
social services fulfill many functions...
-provide goods and services -support/ help ppl with problems related to daily living - protect vulnerable members of society- children and elderly -prevent and minimize the effects of social problems ex- poverty, domestic violence, drug abuse
38
Provinces and Territories...
are responsible for their own social services
39
Social Services are provided for...
Children, Youth, Parents, Seniors, People with disabilities These services provide support and care usually given by family or other informal support groups
40
Targeted programs...
``` restrict WHO can access welfare Limited to narrow segments of the population deemed vulnerable or at risk for a certain social or economic hardship ....ex- children living in poverty -Aboriginal peoples -Seniors -The unemployed -People with disabilities -Recent Immigrants -Targeted programs include... social assistance -child tax credits rental subsides ```
41
3 Financial Tests performed to determine eligibility...
Income Tests- eligibility based on annual income--- ignores needs and assets Needs Tests- assessment on needs and necessary expenses and determine if income can meet those needs Asset Tests- analyze assets (savings and investments)---- if you're above a certain level you do not qualify
42
Universal Programs
available to broad segments of the population ex) all children under 6 all adults over 65 "benefits should be rights" no tests need to be taken must meed basic criteria such as age or residency
43
Canada's first Universal Program
"Family Allowances" 1945- a monthly cash benefit to all CAN families who had children
44
Universality
Avoids the two-tier system that results in "second class" stigmatization, labelization and segregation
45
Cutbacks began in
late 1980s when gov.s introduced clawbacks to family allowances and old age security benefits
46
Clawbacks...
Required high income earners to pay back some or all of the benefits recieved
47
Progressive Universalism
CAN gov.s favor European Universality called Progressive Universalism Priority is to reduce poverty rather than benefit everyone Ex of progressive universalism = Quebec's ECE and child care program $7 per children under 5/ helps some more than others
48
The UCCB/ universal child care benefit
gives 1200 per year BUT// people may have to pay back some or all of the $ in taxes (progressive universalism)
49
Political Ideology
a set of beliefs that shape peoples view of society
50
Canada's social welfare system...
is a product of multiple ideologies that have evolved over time in response to social, economic & political developments
51
Conservatism, Liberalism, & Social Democracy have shaped peoples views on...
what need is &// | the extent to which the gov. should go to help people
52
Conservatism (in a social welfare context)
- Not entirely opposed to change - Supports traditional values (social roles and religious standards) - Individualism is pushed (work hard, get wealth and property) -View of poverty= people are poor because they made poor choices BASIC VALUES- Moralism, Family, Church, Tradition, Class, Privilege, Competition KEY TO WELL BEING- Saving, Investing, "working any job is a good job" (more info on p. 19)
53
Conservatives view government as:
not financially responsible for people. they think gov.s main priority should be the military and strengthening police services They also believe that state intervention messes up individual freedom
54
Neoliberalism - ("New" or "Neo")
- A contemporary form of conservatism related closely to globalization - They believe in no tax interference - Believe that wealth will trickle down in society if left alone
55
Social Democracy
- Opposes the extreme communism - Gained more support in CAN than communism - Rejects the competitive values of capitalism, individualism, & private enterprise - work collaboratively rather than individually - POVERTY= viewed as a consequence of capitalism
56
Egalitarianism
Equal advantage and power among citizens
57
Liberalism
- Supports individualism - "humanizing" capitalist values - A balance between economic goals and human development - Liberalism supports peoples rights to self expressions, individuality, and choice of lifestyle - Liberals view POVERTY and other social problems as resulting from flaws in the capitalist system - They see a role for gov. to help people in modern society
58
Social Safety Net
A limited range of targeted, publicly funded programs
59
3 main approaches to the social welfare system
1) The Residual Approach 2) The Institutional Approach 3) The Social Investment Approach
60
The Residual Approach to Social Welfare
Residual= "remains" or "left over" | Targeted, Meagre, and Short term
61
The deserving poor
sick, aged, disabled, incapable of working
62
The un-deserving poor
Able bodies unemployed adults capable of work
63
The institutional approach to social welfare
Gov.s who use this approach do not charge full price for human needs (goods and essentials needed for well being NO STIGMA attached to welfare this way b/c its available to everyone
64
Welfare States
Embody principles of an institutional approach Gov uses their power to intervene to correct the income inequality (the wage gap) between the very rich and the very poor To equalize incomes Gov. uses tax system to take a portion of the $ from high/moderate income earners to give to low income earners
65
Is Canada a Welfare State?
No, Canada is not as much a welfare state, but more of a country that offers minimum protection by gov. through a limited range of programs designed for 'at risk populations'
66
The Social Investment Approach
Taking a proactive stance before the problem arises Social inclusion of all citizens Favor programs that promise to yield long-term benefits INVESTING IN CHILDREN= National Child Benefit Programs promote multiculturalism, address racism, and help immigrants integrate into society
67
Social Policy Change... | is it Micro, Mezzo or Macro level?
Macro Level
68
Does Social Welfare always benefit everyone?
No | Social Welfare can compensate, support, or make inequalities, disadvantages and oppression's worse
69
Every Social Worker MUST
Try to make social change
70
MASLOW'S HEIRCHY OF NEEDS
most important are at bottom, least important are at top ``` Self Actualization Esteem Love/Belonging Safety Physiological ``` but people don't always have to follow this order
71
Maslows Triangle Hierarchy can be inacurate because
"Higher Value Needs" can be more important than lower sometimes Risking your life for a protest does not follow the heirarchy
72
Welfare covers only...
basic needs (shelter and food) everything else is not necessary
73
Biggest indicator of happiness (notion of happiness video)
being satisfied in social relations
74
Denmark is at the top of the list for
the happiest place out of (150 countries) Study conducted to tell if peoples lives are improving or declining
75
POVERTY is...
- a type of need - a classic concern for social policy - a classic social problem, that social welfare systems seek to attend to
76
POVERTY alleviation...
- Providing meals to those in need - financial compensation - Canadian child benefit
77
Defining Poverty...
tends to be defined as not meeting a certain income level but// also not meeting certain needs poverty looks different for different types of people (cultures, countries)
78
Alleviating poverty
there is a major focus on alleviating childrens poverty but not all poverty depends on societies values and principles Hard to define what is a need (is a cell phone a need?)
79
Living in Debt can be defined as...
living in poverty
80
3 CATEGORIES ASSESSED: when determining poverty
Assets Income Level What can people buy with their $?
81
Non- income earners arr typically...
women
82
Non- income earner... are they defined as living in poverty?
NO, if they live with an income earner
83
The working poor
typically minimum wage earners people who have assets and are working but do not have enough money
84
What makes someone poor?
Racism, Colonialism, Cultural Context > history presents itself as inter-generational poverty
85
Quality of housing effects...
Quality of life
86
People can have all their needs met while appearing...
Poor so we need to think critically when defining who is in need
87
Addiction poverty in CAN is... | GAMBLING AND OR DRUGS
Not accepted | tents and housing are torn down
88
Physical Disabilities vs Addicts
Physical - accepted> they are not at fault | Addicts- not accepted> difficult to get help because addiction is seen as their own fault
89
Systems have ______ _________ built into them...
Moral judgement
90
Better to address problems from ...
the root rather that try to fix the aftermath
91
Canada's working poor video
NO political party recognizes the working poor
92
17% of London's population...
NOW lives in poverty
93
List of Social Welfare Programs
- Ontario Works (general welfare in CAN---> no income/ no assets----> basic necessities/// rent, food, $ provision) - Child Care benefit - BUT// social welfare programs are not just income supports/ they are also services and education

SWRK 1001 (4 decks)

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