Module 3 Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
Social policies are never
A
Nutural or value free
they are the values of Canada
they provide structure to almost every aspect of our lives
2
Q
Personal Policies are:
A
Unwritten rules that we set for ourselves
3
Q
Public Policies are:
A
Government Policies
4
Q
Social policies require/ are:
A
the development and implantation of social programs
ex- social welfare, healthcare, post-secondary
5
Q
Social Welfare Policy is…
A
a subset of social policies aiming to-
- strengthen job security
- provide training and skills development
- motivate adults to work and save for the future
- redistribute income to limit poverty
- enhance the quality of life for people, families and communities
6
Q
STAGES of social policy development:
used by social policymakers
A
1) identify social problems and issues
2) understand social problems and issues/ what needs to change
3) consult and review
4) formalize the policy
5) implement the policy
6) evaluate the policy/program and amend if needed
7
Q
Living and working conditions are not problematic until…
A
People label them that way—– DESIREABLE vs UN-DESIREABLE
8
Q
Social Conditions
A
some are accepted others are not
ACCEPTED= divorce
NOT ACCEPTED= unemployment
9
Q
A Social Issue is:
A
A widespread condition that is not problematic BUT/// Potentially could be if not addressed promptly
Ex; aging population
10
Q
Social Problem
A
an issue must need certain criteria to be labelled a “PROBLEM”
1) majority/ or lots of people must see it as a problem
2) economic, social hardships, negative consequences
3) a collective response is taken to end the problem
11
Q
Serious Social Problems In Canada:
A
Crime Child poverty Racism Violence against women Drug addiction Homelessness
12
Q
Bisexuality and divorce are considered social problems by fewer Canadians–> in result:
A
are lower priorities for policy makers
13
Q
There is a changing perception on what a social problem is:
A
social problems accepted now were not accepted in the past
Racism/ Racist Laws enacted
Today racist laws and discrimination are not tolerated
14
Q
Social Welfare Policies Reflect:
A
Nations priorities which are ever changing
15
Q
Poverty and social exclusion are…
A
intertwined
16
Q
Social Exclusion began…
A
in the shift from industrial to post industrial era
“people feeling left out from society”
17
Q
Understanding social issues and problems:
A
Policy makers must learn about the nature and prevalance of the issues and problems that effect society
and must also find ways to measure social problems
18
Q
Social Knowledge
A
on housing, income, and education
19
Q
DATA collection tools
A
Surveys
Interviews
Focus groups
longitudinal surveys
20
Q
LONGITUDINAL SURVEYS:
A
are the most helpful tool in the social welfare field
Follows the progress of the same group of people over time
and can be on 1 or more aspect of a social condition or problem
21
Q
EXAMPLE of a longitudinal survey
A
1) negative events people experience
2) the time it takes to find employment after unemployment
3) the influences the economy has on these events/transitions
22
Q
Longitudinal Surveys
A
identify HOW changing and emerging patterns in the general population might create either social WELL BEING or// SOCIAL PROBLEMS
23
Q
CLSA initiated in 2001
A
“Canadas Longitudinal study on aging” tracks about 50000 adults over 20 years
24
Q
2001 The United Nations Redefined Poverty as:
A
“a human condition characterized by substained or chronic deprivation of resources, capabilities, choices, security and power necessary for the enjoyment of an adequit standard of living and other social, political, economic, cultural and civil rights”
25
Much of CAN's social knowledge comes from...
The census Statistics CAN conducts every 5 years (since 1971)
26
Defining and measuring social problems
Once a social problem has been identified, it must be defined and measured
a general consensus and measurement must be reached before policy makers can design effective policies
27
First task of defining a social problem is:
Labeling it
| child abuse, racism, poverty, social exclusion
28
The international community (including CAN) signed the United Nations Declaration on the elimination of violence against women in:
1993
29
Women abuse aka
gender based violence
30
Indicators
Help to measure the existence of social problems
| data or statistical measure
31
Indicators: QUANTIFY vs QUALIFY
QUANTIFY= how many/ how often are people affected by this problem?
QUALIFY= others serve to qualify how people perceive a social problem
32
Emotional or Psychological Indicators
Women are afraid or angry
Feel Isolated
-have suicidal or homocidal thoughts
33
Physical Indicators
women experience non-consensual sex
recurring genital pain
unwanted touching
34
Financial Indicators
abusers who control womens finances
or// women who seek permission from abusers before spending money
35
Stalking or Harassment Indicators
women are followed or watched
receive unwanted telephone calls or gifts
36
These Indicators...
not only illustrate HOW a problem manifests in society
but can also report on how a problem changes over time
*partially used for identifying emerging trends
DISCOVERY- some women are more at risk for violence
37
High Risk Women Groups:
Young, Poor, Aboriginal, disabled and are dating, in a common law relationship or recently out of a relationship
These groups help policymakers target their policies and programs to certain at risk populations
38
At time policy makers FAIL to agree:
on what social problems look like
39
No Nationally Agreed Definition of ______ in Canada
No official single set of indicators to measure ______ in Canada
Making it difficult to measure _____ and develop solutions
poverty (for all)
40
Stage 3: Consulting and Reviewing
- Stakeholders must come together to set desired outcomes/ benefits of proposed policy
- Determine which type of policy would most likely achieve desired outcomes
- Debate pros and cons of policy choices
41
Policy Community
a broad mix of organizations, individuals& groups from both inside and outside government
"Stakeholders"
42
Canada is a Federal State that divides power between:
Central/fed. gov.
| and Regional or Territorial gov.s
43
Regional Governments handle:
local needs in their area
44
Early 20th Century
Social and Economic problems created by industrialization, urbanization and immigration created the need for an expanded social welfare system
45
Canada's Social Transfer CST
Modern cost sharing arrangement for social welfare
under CST each province/ territory receives equal payment (per capita payment)
75% goes towards social assistance and child care services
25% goes to education
46
Per Capita Payment
every province/ receives same $ ammount
47
Regional Identity
factors effecting regions goals: economic capacity, ideological views, intergovernmental cooperation
& some regions are more poor that others
48
The equalization program
gives additional funding to less prosperous provinces
49
Territorial Formula Financing TFF
an annual unconditional cash transfer from fed gov to each territorial gov
50
1990s collaborative governance
a new approach to leadership
51
The social union framework agreement is an example of:
collaborative governance
(an agreement between fed and territorial gov.s) to better the lives of all Canadians
A non- binding policy
52
1968 PM Trudeau called for "participatory democracy"
encourages the public to speak out about social problem concerns
53
Citizens in policymaking
involvement in policy making is essential to a democratic and equal society but///
Governments decide who is invited, controlling systems
54
Interest groups AKA pressure or lobby groups
organized collectives that form to support specific causes and try to influence gov. policies for the benefit of their own members OR// on behalf of the public
55
5 Broad categories of interest groups
- business associations
- labor groups
- professional associations
- research institutions
- advocacy groups or advisory councils
56
Interest groups use two strategies:
Traditional and Radical Strategies
Traditional Strategies= bargaining, polling, public info sessions, directly contacting policymakers
Radical Strategies=hunger or work strikes, protest marches, boycotts, sit ins and public rallys
57
Representatives of an interest group are often invited to share...
voices on their problems
58
Passive labor market policies
providing/replacing income when someone is out of a job
59
Active labor market policies
Ex)
- employment services
- job search assistance
- job training programs
- employment subside
60
Formalizing Policy
policymakers must choose 1 policy over others
once selected gov. must authorize it through legislation or mutual agreement
A transition period then follows weighing the pros and the cons
61
Piecemeal is gradually _______ ground in Canada
losing
another approach is the holistic approach
62
Hard Law
Policy undergone legislative process that has been passed into law
63
Soft Law
A policy that is not legally binding or enforceable
64
Legislative policies
a proposal or a bill
1) public bills
2) private bills
65
Federal Legislative Process
| Cabinet and Parliamentary Stage
on p.51
66
Is it common for years to pass between bill proposal and enactment?
yes
67
Non- Binding Policies:
are mutual agreements, declarations, codes of practice and resolutions
INEXPENSIVE TO CREATE
EXAMPLE= Social Union Framework Agreement
68
Stage 5 Implementing Policy:
Initiatives must be sustainable, inclusive, responsive and accessible
69
Mandated Services
Provincial social assistance
and//
child protective services
70
Stage 6: evaluating policies
is the policy achieving what it's supposed to?
used to reveal flaws to amend the policy for the better
71
MODELS OF ANALYSIS: Logic Model vs Process Model
Logic Model-
- identifies connections between the activities of a policy program and the achievement of goals
- "if then" relationships
- outputs and outcomes
72
Logic Model
Inputs- money, staff, equiptment, time, expertise & physical facilities
Activities- or processes refer to how inputs are used/ex how staff are trained
Outputs- goods/services produced by the policy or program
Outcomes- ultimate effect/ benefits of the policy or program in relation to the goals set
73
Process Model
Emphasizes the process by which policy is created and implemented
Can help explain what a policy/ program does, how it does it/ and how these processes effect final results
74
Process Model May Seek to Answer the Following Questions:
- How do people understand/ interpret the presenting issue or problem?
- What are the political processes that shaped this policy?
- Who are the main stakeholders
- Have policymakers sought the public's interests or consulted with experts?
- Which type of organization (gov. agency or non-profit organization) is responsible for delivering & managing the program?
- Is the program achieving its goals?
75
What research method do researchers use to gather info about a policy programs success?
ANY METHOD
| such as focus groups and surveys
76
All Inclusive Lens
p. 56
| what degree a policy or program or practice includes or excludes people from the social economic benefits of CAN life
77
Questions asked/ All Inclusive Lens:
- Who is being included, excluded and from what?
- How are people being included, excluded?
- Who benefits from the inclusion, exclusion?
78
A life course lens
"a life course approach"
transition from one phase to another
ensures that policies respond to peoples needs over a lifespan
79
Ammending, Replacing, or Repealing policy
- every policy can be changed
- replaced, or plain out KILLED (thrown out)
This happens when a policy is not meeting the goals it intended to meet.
80
Political Ideologies shape peoples...
Beliefs
81
The social policy process
1) understand the social problem
2) understanding problem and issue
3) consult and review
4) formalizing policy
5) implement policy
6) evaluate
82
Before we suggest something we have to take the time to...
LISTEN
83
JHSO week 3
info in notes for week 3, near end of notes for module
84
Some definitions of a "social problem"
- a threat to society
- systemically causes hardship/ violence
- structural oppression/ inequality
85
Chappell argues that a social problem must
be considered a social problem by most, BUT ELSE DISAGREES
86
Everyone does not understand every social problem:
ex) Transphobia, Racism, Sexism, Structural Oppression, and inequalitynot everyone can understand
87
Structural Oppression
Based on belonging to a member of a category Ex) Women
One of the powers of privilege is getting to define the "Norm"
88
To Change Laws:
Must decide/ define what the social problem is
OUR social problems TODAY are very different from our "social problems of the past"
ex) not going to church used to be a social problem
89
Morally 'GOOD' or 'BAD' behavior
changes over time
ex) homosexuality used to be legislated against
people were criminalized for being gay
90
Homophobia Today
is not a social problem
91
Access to birth control
resulting in smaller families and more women in the labor market
92
Trans Rights
Protection from discrimination
93
Rights and Needs of minority groups...
Need more attention
94
Sometimes PUBLIC POLICY ....
is responsible for directing peoples opinions
SO// sometimes public policy needs to change before peoples opinions can start to change
95
Week 3 Video ("child/baby killers")
20 convicted child murderers---> transition to healing lodges
96
Understanding the "social problems"
once identified as a problem, you have to understand the problem
97
gathering data from various sources
starts with research
98
Policy makers and those outside looking to make change must all:
gather data
99
Must speak with everyone, not just the experts
people effected by the problem are the experts
must talk to anyone who might have an opinion on the problem to gather all views
100
Must look at your own social location
to understand your biases, and also take a look at your own political ideologies
101
expensive to incarcerate someone:
more $ than long term care facilities
102
Need to research and make info easy to access...
"public education documents"
for policy makers and the public
in order for policymakers to easily access info needed to make change
HELPS PEOPLE IDENTIFY SOCIAL ISSUES
103
Social Policy: Consultation
Democratic process----> regular people participating in decision making in our country
104
Bills Tabled in the House of Commons...
"Federal Bills"
105
policy doesn't just happen through law
ex changing prison food--> speaking to everyone in the prison to see what they think of the food
106
NO CONSULTATION =
bad policies
107
Prisoners
usually don't advocate for themselves, they need a non-prisoner to advocate for them
108
Policy making at the consultation level
being involved in bill consultations "going to committee" to explore the bill---> and what thoughts on the bill are
109
Need evidence that appeals to the policy makers values
to stop a bill from being implemented
| -base argument on who your audience is
110
policy making from outside=
writing to people in power/ signing petitions etc
111
policy making from inside
policy makers
| agenda setting, policy formulation, adoption, implementation & evaluation
112
FNCS first nations care society
Cindy Blackstock's organization
| for care of INDG children/ people
113
Week 3 video "consultation in practice"
JHS provides to all, regardless of race
| aboriginal people overrepresented in the justice system
114
History, Poverty, and Marginalization contribute to the overrepresentation of INDG people in the...
criminal justice system
115
to erase generational traps...
inequality needs to be addressed
pathways need to be built to overcome poverty
116
Youth Justice Act
putting in efforts to change problems
"high risk children"
crime prevention programs
117
Risk- need assessment tools
make sure risks assessnents reflect all cultures
118
High risk neighborhoods
exposed to lots of violence and trauma
119
older people
tend to be more involved in voicing their political opinions
120
Julie Payette
bad person, bad boss
121
Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Supreme Law of our land, everything has to follow these laws
ALL LAWS based around the charter of rights and freedoms
protects people and women
122
formal social policy process
how a bill becomes a law (chart in week 3 slides)
123
independent bills
come from people outside of congress
124
starts as a Bill
turns into the Law
125
Social Policy Implentation
who provides this service?
| what are the costs, how will it be provided?
126
NGO
a non-profit organization that operates independently of any gov.
typically its purpose is to address a social/ political issue
127
U.S. prison systems
largest incarceration rate -> 655/100000 people are incarcerated
treated as an animal
no officer/ inmate relations
128
Norweigen prison systems
not used to punish
a reintegration into society
Normality, Dynamic, Reintigration, Security, Humanity
129
Halden Prison opened 2010
the worlds most humane prison
130
Restorative Justice
making ammendments without the justice system
131
Evaluation of Policy---> last stage
listen more
is this new policy working?
is this policy doing what we want it to do?
MEASURING inputs, activities, outputs and outcomes
132
Any policy needs to have goals... to make sure goals are met:
Can be done in informal and formal ways
```
INFORMAL= random asking of inmates thoughts on food
FORMAL= surveys to measure data on food change from prisoners
```
133
Any policy also needs to use indicators to measure success of goals:
meaningful indicators
EXAMPLE---> is your cultures food reflected in selection served?
134
Indicators
a way of measuring
You MUST be careful of what you're measuring
135
Logic Models, Process Models, System Models:
are used to analyze
136
How do we test if programs are working?
Randomization- Mixing groups of people to more accurately test people using
those using the program
VS
those not using the program
