Module 1

Question 1

carry the urine to the bladder;

Answer 1

URETER

Question 2

stores the urine produced

Answer 2

BLADDER

Question 3

innermost layer
Adrenal medulla
Adrenal Cortex

Answer 3

MEDULLA

Question 4

Outermost layer, covering

Answer 4

CORTEX

Question 5

From your nephrons it serves as a passageway of the urine to the ureter

Answer 5

MINOR AND MAJOR CALYX

Question 6

Blood vessel that surrounds the nephron

Answer 6

Arcuate and Interlobar Blood Vessels

Question 7

FOUR KIDNEY PROCESSES

Answer 7

Renal Blood Flow
Glomerular Filtration
Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular Secretion

Question 8

The human kidneys receive approximately ___ of the blood pumped through the heart at all times.

Answer 8

25%

Question 9

surrounded by the Proximal & Distal Convoluted Tubules, providing the immediate reabsorption of essential substances from the fluid.

Answer 9

Peritubular Capillaries

Question 10

Functional unit of the kidney

Answer 10

NEPHRON

Question 11

Situated at the Bowman’s Capsule.
Like a yarn.
Filters waste product.

Answer 11

GLOMERULUS

Question 12

Reabsorption of water

Answer 12

Proximal Convoluted Tubule:

Question 13

Loop of Henle:

Answer 13

Maintains salt concentration.
Maintains osmotic gradient.
Exchange of water and salt.

Question 14

total renal blood flow is approximately

Answer 14

1200 mL/min

Question 15

total renal plasma flow ranges

Answer 15

600 to 700 mL/min.

Question 16

The glomerulus consists of a coil of approximately ____ capillary lobes referred to collectively as the capillary tuft.

Answer 16

8

Question 17

Factors Affecting Glomerular Filtration

Answer 17

Cellular Structure of Glomerulus
Glomerular Pressure
RAAS System

Question 18

LAYERS OF GLOMERULUS

Answer 18

Capillary membrane
Basal lamina/ Basement membrane
Visceral epithelium

Question 19

Has a negative charge to allow other negatively charged ions to dispense

Answer 19

Shield of Negativity

Question 20

RAAS

Answer 20

RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM

Question 21

Angiotensin I = Angiotensin II by

Answer 21

ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTER ENZYMES

Question 22

sodium retaining hormone

Answer 22

aldosterone

Question 23

increase body hydration

Answer 23

decrease adh=, increase urine volume

Question 24

another name for ADH

Answer 24

vasopressin

Question 25

cellular mechanisms involved in tubular reabsorption

Answer 25

active and passive transport

Question 26

movement of molecules across a membrane as a result of differences in their concentration or electrical potential on opposite sides of the membrane.

Answer 26

passive transport

Question 27

substance to be reabsorbed must combine with a carrier protein

Answer 27

active transport

Question 28

plasma concentration at which active transport stops

Answer 28

renal treshold

Question 29

For glucose, the renal threshold is ___L,

Answer 29

160 to 180 mg/dL,

Question 30

Water is removed by osmosis in the

Answer 30

descending loop of Henle

Question 31

sodium and chloride are reabsorbed

Answer 31

in the ascending loop.

Question 32

selective reabsorption process is called the _____ and serves to maintain the osmotic gradient of the medulla.

Answer 32

countercurrent mechanism

Question 33

Stimulates water reabsorption

Answer 33

antidiuretic hormone [ADH]

Question 34

Tubular secretion serves two major functions:

Answer 34

Elimination of waste products not filtered by the glomerulus Regulation of the acid-base balance in the body through the secretion of hydrogen ions

Question 35

Most useful as a screening procedure, and quantitative measurement of renal concentrating ability SG is influenced by the number and density (molecular weight) of the particles

Answer 35

specific gravity

Question 36

It measures only the number of particles in a solution.

Answer 36

osmometry

Question 37

Patients were deprived of fluids for 24 hours before measuring specific gravity

Answer 37

fishberg test

Question 38

PSP means

Answer 38

Phenolsulfonphthalein

Question 39

This measures the exact amount of blood flowing through the kidney and it is necessary to use a substance that is completely removed from the blood and each time it comes in contact with functional renal tissue.

Answer 39

P-aminohippuric acid test

Question 40

Involves measurement that can be used to determine defective functions of your kidneys

Answer 40

titratable acidity