MODULE 4

Question 1

general stain for urine sediments

Answer 1

Sternheimer-Malbin stain

Question 2

enhances nuclear details for differentiation of cells

Answer 2

0.5% Toluidine blue

Question 3

detects presence of eosinophils

Answer 3

HANSEL STAIN

Question 4

stains presence of hemosiderin in cells and casts

Answer 4

Prussian blue stain

Question 5

Most common WBC with multilobed nucleus. Ranges in size from 10 to 14 mm. Increased in all inflammatory responses.

Answer 5

NEUTROPHIL

Question 5

Most common WBC with multilobed nucleus. Ranges in size from 10 to 14 mm. Increased in all inflammatory responses.

Answer 5

NEUTROPHIL

Question 6

RTE cells from the distal convoluted tubule are

Answer 6

smaller and are round or oval.

Question 7

RTE cells from the proximal convoluted tubule are

Answer 7

large and rectangular in shape.

Question 8

They are usually seen in conjunction with free-floating fat droplets.

Answer 8

OVAL FAT BODIES

Question 9

mixture of oval fat bodies and RTE cells with vacuoles (bubble cells)

Answer 9

TUBULAR NECROSIS

Question 10

appear as small, refractile oval structures.

Answer 10

Yeast cells

Question 11

There are three parasites commonly found in a urine specimen:

Answer 11

Trichomonas vaginalis, Schistosoma haematobium and Enterobius vermicularis.

Question 12

Sexually-transmitted pear-shaped flagellate

Answer 12

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 13

ova of this parasite is lodged in the urinary bladder

Answer 13

Schistosoma haematobium

Question 14

male infertility wherein sperm cells are expelled in the bladder instead of urethra

Answer 14

Retrograde ejaculation

Question 15

____ are the only elements found in the urinary sediments that are unique to the kidneys.

Answer 15

CASTS

Question 16

CYLINDROIDS

Answer 16

Casts produced in the junction of ascending loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule

Question 17

consists almost entirely of uromodulin.

Answer 17

HYALINE CAST

Question 18

are hyaline casts that trapped at least 2-5 RBCs in its protein network.

Answer 18

RED BLOO CELL CAST

Question 19

The majority of leukocytes that appear in casts are _____

Answer 19

polymorphonuclear neutrophils.

Question 20

appear with blunt or broken ends with serrated edges.

Answer 20

waxy casts

Question 21

represent disintegration of cellular casts (RBC, WBC, RTE cells) or protein aggregates filtered by the glomerulus.

Answer 21

GRANULAR CAST

Question 22

A cast that has more than one component

Answer 22

MIXED CAST

Question 23

– high amount of ions produce crystals

Answer 23

increased solute concentrations

Question 24

Crystals made up of organic solutes

Answer 24

uric acid, calcium oxalate and amorphous urates.

Question 25

yellow-brown granules but turns to pink upon refrigeration

Answer 25

Amorphous urates

Question 26

most pleomorphic as it is found in several shapes

Answer 26

URIC ACID

Question 27

also called as envelope crystals

Answer 27

Calcium oxalate

Question 28

CALCIUM OXALATE SHAPE:

Answer 28

octahedral envelope

Question 29

colorless (most often observed) to yellowish rods or needles (slender prisms) occurring in sheaves

Answer 29

SOIDUM URATES

Question 30

yellow-brown elongated prisms or plates

Answer 30

HIPPURIC ACID

Question 31

long, thin colorless needles

Answer 31

CALCIUM SULFATE

Question 32

NORMAL CRYSTAL IN ACIDIC URINE

Answer 32

AMORPHOUS URATE URIC ACID CALCIUM OXALATE SODIUM URATE HIPPURIC ACID CALCIUM SULFATE

Question 33

NORMAL CRYSTAL ALKALINE URINE

Answer 33

AMORPHOUS PHOSPHATE AMORPHOUS CARBONATE TRIPLE PHOSPHATE CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CALCIUM CARBONATE AMMONIUM BIURATE

Question 34

granular in appearance but turns to white upon refrigeration. Composed of magnesium and calcium

Answer 34

Amorphous phosphate

Question 35

another type of formless crystal

Answer 35

Amorphous Carbonate

Question 35

coffin lid in appearance but develops a feathery appearance upon disintegration Other names: “struvite”, “coffin lid” and “hip-roof”

Answer 35

TRIPLE PHOSPHATE

Question 36

flat rectangular plates or prisms

Answer 36

CALCIUM PHOSPHATE

Question 37

small and dumbbell in shape - Soluble in dilute acetic acid will effervesce

Answer 37

CALCIUM CARBONATE

Question 38

yellow-brown spicule-covered spheres (thorny apples)

Answer 38

AMMONIUM BIURATE

Question 39

colorless hexagonal plates

Answer 39

CYSTINE

Question 40

highly refractile yellow-brown spheres with concentric circles and radial striations

Answer 40

LEUCINE

Question 41

colorless to black clumps of needles

Answer 41

TYROSINE

Question 42

yellow small clump of needles or granules Seen in viral hepatitis and other liver diseases

Answer 42

BILIRUBIN

Question 43

large flat transparent plates with notched corners

Answer 43

CHOLESTEROL

Question 44

pleomorphic needles or plates with notches Injected especially during scan

Answer 44

Radiographic dye crystal

Question 45

variety of shapes (needles, rhomboid, whetstones, sheaves of wheat, arrowheads, rhomboids and rosettes) and colors (colorless, yellow and brown)

Answer 45

Sulfonamide crystals

Question 46

colorless crystals that tend to form bundles

Answer 46

Ampicillin crystals

Question 47

- hemosiderin, if it precipitates out, will appear as amorphous urates.

Answer 47

Hemosiderin crystals

Question 48

Highly refractile, resemble RBCs Occur when specimen is placed under a cover slip Has dark ring appearance

Answer 48

AIR BUBBLES